# Pediatric Case Review

> Pediatric board and Prometric MCQs with explanations


## Posts

- [Cholesteatoma](https://pediatriccasereview.com/cholesteatoma/): 10 exam-format questions on Cholesteatoma for licensing examinations and MRCPCH. Answer options include Acute otitis media with spontaneous perforation.
- [Recurrent Tonsillitis & Tonsillectomy](https://pediatriccasereview.com/recurrent-tonsillitis-tonsillectomy/): Practise Recurrent Tonsillitis & Tonsillectomy in 10 board questions with worked answers. Options include Viral pharyngitis.
- [Subglottic Stenosis](https://pediatriccasereview.com/subglottic-stenosis/): 10 pediatric board questions on Subglottic Stenosis, explained option by option. Options include Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis), Acute epiglottitis.
- [Stridor & Laryngomalacia](https://pediatriccasereview.com/stridor-laryngomalacia/): 10 board-style cases on Stridor & Laryngomalacia, each answered and explained. Answer options include Acute onset following a viral prodrome.
- [Periorbital & Orbital Cellulitis](https://pediatriccasereview.com/periorbital-orbital-cellulitis/): 10 exam-format questions on Periorbital & Orbital Cellulitis for licensing examinations and MRCPCH. Answer options include Unilateral eyelid erythema.
- [Peritonsillar & Retropharyngeal Abscess](https://pediatriccasereview.com/peritonsillar-retropharyngeal-abscess/): Practise Peritonsillar & Retropharyngeal Abscess in 10 board questions with worked answers. Options include Uvular deviation to the contralateral side.
- [Otitis Media with Effusion (Glue Ear)](https://pediatriccasereview.com/otitis-media-with-effusion-glue-ear/): 10 pediatric board questions on Otitis Media with Effusion (Glue Ear), explained option by option. Options include Otitis Media with Effusion.
- [Otitis Externa](https://pediatriccasereview.com/otitis-externa/): 10 board-style cases on Otitis Externa, each answered and explained. Answer options include Primary fungal colonization of the tympanic membrane.
- [Choanal Atresia](https://pediatriccasereview.com/choanal-atresia/): 10 exam-format questions on Choanal Atresia for licensing examinations and MRCPCH. Answer options include Bilateral choanal atresia, Unilateral choanal atresia.
- [Cervical Lymphadenopathy](https://pediatriccasereview.com/cervical-lymphadenopathy/): Practise Cervical Lymphadenopathy in 10 board questions with worked answers. Options include Viral upper respiratory infection.
- [Acute Otitis Media](https://pediatriccasereview.com/acute-otitis-media/): 10 pediatric board questions on Acute Otitis Media, explained option by option. Options include Otitis media with effusion (OME), Acute otitis externa.
- [Acute and Recurrent Sinusitis](https://pediatriccasereview.com/acute-and-recurrent-sinusitis/): 10 board-style cases on Acute and Recurrent Sinusitis, each answered and explained. Answer options include Viral rhinitis with persistent symptoms.
- [Acute Tonsillitis](https://pediatriccasereview.com/acute-tonsillitis/): This content is for members. First, create a free account to browse samples — then choose a plan to unlock […]
- [Bacterial Tracheitis Cases](https://pediatriccasereview.com/bacterial-tracheitis/): This content is for members. First, create a free account to browse samples — then choose a plan to unlock […]
- [Allergic Rhinitis — Illustrated Cases](https://pediatriccasereview.com/allergic-rhinitis-cases/): This content is for members. First, create a free account to browse samples — then choose a plan to unlock […]
- [Urinary Tract Infection and Reflux in Children — Illustrated Cases](https://pediatriccasereview.com/urinary-tract-infection-reflux-children-cases/): Eighteen board-style cases on paediatric urinary tract infection and vesicoureteric reflux with worked explanations - sampling and colony counts, upper versus lower tract, which scan and when, reflux grading, prophylaxis and bladder-bowel dysfunction.
- [Acute Kidney Injury in Children — Illustrated Cases](https://pediatriccasereview.com/acute-kidney-injury-in-children-cases/): Eighteen board-style cases on acute kidney injury in children with worked explanations - KDIGO staging, prerenal versus tubular injury, hyperkalaemia, haemolytic uraemic syndrome, nephrotoxins, tumour lysis and when to start dialysis.
- [Acute Glomerulonephritis in Children — Illustrated Cases](https://pediatriccasereview.com/acute-glomerulonephritis-in-children-cases/): Eighteen board-style cases on acute glomerulonephritis in children with worked explanations - post-infectious nephritis, IgA nephropathy, IgA vasculitis, lupus and Alport, with the complement pattern that decides each one.
- [Prolonged Jaundice and Biliary Atresia](https://pediatriccasereview.com/git-jaundice/): Prolonged Jaundice and Biliary Atresia - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [The Constipated Child: Functional Constipation and Hirschsprung Disease](https://pediatriccasereview.com/git-constip/): The Constipated Child: Functional Constipation and Hirschsprung Disease - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [The Acute Abdomen: Intussusception, Appendicitis and the Mimics](https://pediatriccasereview.com/git-abdomen/): The Acute Abdomen: Intussusception, Appendicitis and the Mimics - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Vomiting in Infancy: Reflux, Pyloric Stenosis and the Red Flags](https://pediatriccasereview.com/git-vomit/): Vomiting in Infancy: Reflux, Pyloric Stenosis and the Red Flags - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Nephrotic Syndrome in Children — Illustrated Cases](https://pediatriccasereview.com/nephrotic-syndrome-in-children-cases/): Eighteen board-style cases on paediatric nephrotic syndrome with worked explanations - histology, steroid dosing, biopsy indications, relapse patterns, peritonitis, thrombosis and albumin infusion.
- [Acute Gastroenteritis and Dehydration](https://pediatriccasereview.com/git-gastro/): Acute Gastroenteritis and Dehydration - twelve case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Long-Term Ventilation, Tracheostomy and Home Oxygen](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulm-ltv/): Long-Term Ventilation, Tracheostomy and Home Oxygen - twelve case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Aspiration and the Child with Neurodisability](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulm-asp/): Aspiration and the Child with Neurodisability - twelve case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Interstitial Lung Disease in Children](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulm-ild/): Interstitial Lung Disease in Children - twelve case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Recurrent Infection and When to Suspect Immunodeficiency](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulm-immune/): Recurrent Infection and When to Suspect Immunodeficiency - twelve case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Congenital Lung and Airway Malformations](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulm-congenital/): Congenital Lung and Airway Malformations - twelve case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Pertussis and the Prolonged Cough Illness](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulm-pert/): Pertussis and the Prolonged Cough Illness - twelve case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Neuromuscular Disease and the Respiratory Pump](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulm-nmd/): Neuromuscular Disease and the Respiratory Pump - twelve case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Acute Chest Syndrome and the Sickle Lung](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulm-acs/): Acute Chest Syndrome and the Sickle Lung - twelve case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Blood Gases and Respiratory Failure](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulm-gas/): Read it in the same order every time. 12 board-style cases on Blood Gases and Respiratory Failure, each with the answer and why the others are wrong.
- [Wheeze in the Preschool Child](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulm-wheeze/): 12 exam-format questions on Wheeze in the Preschool Child — well between the colds — with worked explanations for licensing examinations and MRCPCH.
- [Bronchiectasis and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulm-bronch/): Practise Bronchiectasis and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia in 12 cases: the cough that never quite clears. Written for Saudi and Gulf licensing examinations, the MRCPCH and the Arab Board.
- [Air and Fluid in the Pleural Space](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulm-pleura/): A little fluid at the base — 12 pediatric board questions on Air and Fluid in the Pleural Space, answered and explained option by option.
- [Chronic Lung Disease of Prematurity](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulm-bpd/): 12 exam-format questions on Chronic Lung Disease of Prematurity — the day the diagnosis is made — with worked explanations for licensing examinations and MRCPCH.
- [Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Children](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulm-osa/): The breathing that stops in the night — 12 pediatric board questions on Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Children, answered and explained option by option.
- [Ventricular Septal Defect](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-ventricular-septal-defect/): Practise Ventricular Septal Defect in 12 cases: recognition, The feeding history. Written for Saudi and Gulf licensing examinations, the MRCPCH and the Arab Board.
- [Acute Myocarditis](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-acute-myocarditis/): 12 exam-format questions on Acute Myocarditis — recognition, Four hours later — with worked explanations for licensing examinations and MRCPCH.
- [Supraventricular Tachycardia](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-supraventricular-tachycardia/): Recognition, The trace. 12 board-style cases on Supraventricular Tachycardia, each with the answer and why the others are wrong.
- [Acute Rheumatic Fever](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-acute-rheumatic-fever/): 12 exam-format questions on Acute Rheumatic Fever — recognition, The criteria — with worked explanations for licensing examinations and MRCPCH.
- [Kawasaki Disease](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-kawasaki-disease/): Recognition, The five features — 12 pediatric board questions on Kawasaki Disease, answered and explained option by option.
- [Coarctation of the Aorta](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-coarctation-of-the-aorta/): Practise Coarctation of the Aorta in 12 cases: the baby who was fine at discharge, The examination. Written for Saudi and Gulf licensing examinations, the MRCPCH and the Arab Board.
- [Transposition of the Great Arteries](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-transposition-of-the-great-arteries/): Dusky at six hours, Two circuits in parallel. 12 board-style cases on Transposition of the Great Arteries, each with the answer and why the others are wrong.
- [Tetralogy of Fallot](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-tetralogy-of-fallot/): 12 exam-format questions on Tetralogy of Fallot — blue when he cries, Two children, one diagnosis — with worked explanations for licensing examinations and MRCPCH.
- [Tuberculosis in Children](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulm-tb/): The cough that would not settle. 12 board-style cases on Tuberculosis in Children, each with the answer and why the others are wrong.
- [The Murmur in a Well Child](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-murmur-in-a-well-child/): Practise The Murmur in a Well Child in 12 cases: how common they are, Timing in the cycle. Written for Saudi and Gulf licensing examinations, the MRCPCH and the Arab Board.
- [Cystic Fibrosis](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulm-cystic-fibrosis/): A telephone call from screening, The test in the laboratory — 12 pediatric board questions on Cystic Fibrosis, answered and explained option by option.
- [The Child with a Repaired Heart](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-child-with-a-repaired-heart/): 12 board-style cases on The Child with a Repaired Heart, each answered and explained. Answer options include The single ventricle, pumping through the…
- [Bradycardia and Heart Block](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-bradycardia-and-heart-block/): 12 exam-format questions on Bradycardia and Heart Block for licensing examinations and MRCPCH. Answer options include Immediate permanent pacemaker implantation.
- [Pulmonary Hypertension](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-pulmonary-hypertension/): Practise Pulmonary Hypertension in 12 board questions with worked answers. Options include Constrictive pericarditis from restrictive cardiomyopathy.
- [Aortic Stenosis](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-aortic-stenosis/): A sound early in systole, What the pulse is doing — 12 pediatric board questions on Aortic Stenosis, answered and explained option by option.
- [Hypertension in Children](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-hypertension-in-children/): 12 board-style cases on Hypertension in Children, each answered and explained. Answer options include A repeat reading in the other arm.
- [Atrial Septal Defect and Patent Ductus](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-atrial-septal-defect-and-patent-ductus/): 12 exam-format questions on Atrial Septal Defect and Patent Ductus — the sound that gives it away — with worked explanations for licensing examinations and MRCPCH.
- [Heart Failure and Dilated Cardiomyopathy](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-heart-failure-and-dilated-cardiomyopathy/): Practise Heart Failure and Dilated Cardiomyopathy in 12 cases: recognition in a baby, The extra sound. Written for Saudi and Gulf licensing examinations, the MRCPCH and the Arab Board.
- [Pericarditis and Tamponade](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-pericarditis-and-tamponade/): 12 pediatric board questions on Pericarditis and Tamponade, explained option by option. Options include Acute pericarditis, Musculoskeletal chest wall pain.
- [Infective Endocarditis](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-infective-endocarditis/): Clinical recognition, Physical examination. 12 board-style cases on Infective Endocarditis, each with the answer and why the others are wrong.
- [The Duct-Dependent Newborn](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-ductdependent-newborn/): 12 exam-format questions on The Duct-Dependent Newborn for licensing examinations and MRCPCH. Answer options include Overwhelming late-onset sepsis.
- [Syncope and Sudden Cardiac Death](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-syncope-and-sudden-cardiac-death/): Practise Syncope and Sudden Cardiac Death in 12 cases: the one question to ask. Written for Saudi and Gulf licensing examinations, the MRCPCH and the Arab Board.
- [Pneumonia](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulm-pneumonia/): A child seen in clinic, What the imaging is for. 12 board-style cases on Pneumonia, each with the answer and why the others are wrong.
- [Bronchiolitis](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulm-bronchiolitis/): 12 exam-format questions on Bronchiolitis — making the diagnosis, A question on the ward round — with worked explanations for licensing examinations and MRCPCH.
- [Asthma](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulm-asthma/): Recognition and the preschool wheezer, Grading an acute exacerbation — 12 pediatric board questions on Asthma, answered and explained option by option.
- [Stridor](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulm-stridor/): Practise Stridor in 12 cases: a child arriving at night, What the noise is coming from. Written for Saudi and Gulf licensing examinations, the MRCPCH and the Arab Board.
- [Variegate Porphyria](https://pediatriccasereview.com/variegate-porphyria/): 13 exam-format questions on Variegate Porphyria for licensing examinations and MRCPCH. Answer options include Acute appendicitis, Acute intermittent porphyria.
- [Congenital Hypothyroidism](https://pediatriccasereview.com/congenital-hypothyroidism/): Practise Congenital Hypothyroidism in 13 board questions with worked answers. Options include Goitre, bradycardia, pericardial effusion and anaemia.
- [Cystic Fibrosis](https://pediatriccasereview.com/cystic-fibrosis/): 13 pediatric board questions on Cystic Fibrosis, explained option by option. Options include Meconium ileus due to cystic fibrosis, Hirschsprung disease.
- [Kearns-Sayre syndrome](https://pediatriccasereview.com/kearns-sayre-syndrome/): 12 board-style cases on Kearns-Sayre syndrome, each answered and explained. Answer options include Syncope, heart block and night blindness.
- [Leigh Syndrome](https://pediatriccasereview.com/leigh-syndrome/): 15 exam-format questions on Leigh Syndrome for licensing examinations and MRCPCH. Answer options include Renal tubular acidosis with Fanconi syndrome.
- [MELAS (Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like Episodes)](https://pediatriccasereview.com/melas-mitochondrial-encephalomyopathy-lactic-acidosis-and-stroke-like-episodes/): Practise MELAS (Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like Episodes) in 18 board questions with worked answers. Options include…
- [X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD)](https://pediatriccasereview.com/x-linked-adrenoleukodystrophy-x-ald/): 16 pediatric board questions on X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), explained option by option. Options include Multiple sclerosis.
- [Zellweger syndrome](https://pediatriccasereview.com/zellweger-syndrome/): 14 board-style cases on Zellweger syndrome, each answered and explained. Answer options include Macroglossia and umbilical hernia.
- [Gaucher Disease](https://pediatriccasereview.com/gaucher-disease/): 14 exam-format questions on Gaucher Disease for licensing examinations and MRCPCH. Answer options include Gaucher disease, Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
- [Hunter Syndrome (MPS II)](https://pediatriccasereview.com/hunter-syndrome-mps-ii/): Practise Hunter Syndrome (MPS II) in 15 board questions with worked answers. Options include Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (Hurler syndrome).
- [Hurler Syndrome (MPS I)](https://pediatriccasereview.com/hurler-syndrome-mps-i/): 16 pediatric board questions on Hurler Syndrome (MPS I), explained option by option. Options include Sotos syndrome, GM1 gangliosidosis.
- [Glycogen Storage Disease Type II Pompe Disease](https://pediatriccasereview.com/glycogen-storage-disease-type-ii-pompe-disease/): 16 board-style cases on Glycogen Storage Disease Type II Pompe Disease, each answered and explained. Answer options include Dilated cardiomyopathy from…
- [Glycogen Storage Disease Type I (von Gierke Disease)](https://pediatriccasereview.com/glycogen-storage-disease-type-i-von-gierke-disease/): 14 exam-format questions on Glycogen Storage Disease Type I (von Gierke Disease) for licensing examinations and MRCPCH. Answer options include Glycogen storage disease…
- [Hereditary Fructose Intolerance](https://pediatriccasereview.com/hereditary-fructose-intolerance/): Practise Hereditary Fructose Intolerance in 14 board questions with worked answers. Options include Aldolase B, Aldolase A.
- [Galactosemia](https://pediatriccasereview.com/galactosemia/): 14 pediatric board questions on Galactosemia, explained option by option. Options include Classic galactosemia, Neonatal hepatitis B infection.
- [Tyrosinemia](https://pediatriccasereview.com/tyrosinemia/): 14 board-style cases on Tyrosinemia, each answered and explained. Answer options include Tyrosinemia type I, Biliary atresia, Alagille syndrome.
- [Homocystinuria](https://pediatriccasereview.com/homocystinuria/): 12 exam-format questions on Homocystinuria for licensing examinations and MRCPCH. Answer options include MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) deficiency.
- [Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD)](https://pediatriccasereview.com/maple-syrup-urine-disease-msud/): Practise Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) in 14 board questions with worked answers. Options include Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), Urea cycle disorder.
- [Phenylketonuria (PKU)](https://pediatriccasereview.com/phenylketonuria-pku/): 14 pediatric board questions on Phenylketonuria (PKU), explained option by option. Options include Premature discharge before adequate protein intake.
- [Long-Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (LCHAD)](https://pediatriccasereview.com/long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-coa-dehydrogenase-deficiency-lchad/): 14 board-style cases on Long-Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (LCHAD), each answered and explained. Answer options include MCAD deficiency.
- [Very Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (VLCAD)](https://pediatriccasereview.com/very-long-chain-acyl-coa-dehydrogenase-deficiency-vlcad/): 14 exam-format questions on Very Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (VLCAD) for licensing examinations and MRCPCH. Answer options include Severe early-onset…
- [Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MCAD)](https://pediatriccasereview.com/medium-chain-acyl-coa-dehydrogenase-deficiency-mcad/): Practise Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MCAD) in 12 board questions with worked answers. Options include High dietary fat intake causing…
- [Glutaric Acidemia Type 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/glutaric-acidemia-type-1/): 15 pediatric board questions on Glutaric Acidemia Type 1, explained option by option. Options include Glutaric Acidemia Type 1, Simple febrile seizure.
- [Isovaleric Acidemia](https://pediatriccasereview.com/isovaleric-acidemia/): 12 board-style cases on Isovaleric Acidemia, each answered and explained. Answer options include Isovaleric Acidemia, Pyloric stenosis, G6PD deficiency.
- [Methylmalonic Acidemia (MMA)](https://pediatriccasereview.com/methylmalonic-acidemia-mma/): 12 exam-format questions on Methylmalonic Acidemia (MMA) for licensing examinations and MRCPCH. Answer options include Iron deficiency anaemia, Folic acid deficiency.
- [Propionic Acidemia](https://pediatriccasereview.com/propionic-acidemia/): Practise Propionic Acidemia in 14 board questions with worked answers. Options include Propionic Acidemia, Neonatal sepsis, Urea cycle disorder.
- [Ornithine Transcarbamylase (OTC) Deficiency](https://pediatriccasereview.com/ornithine-transcarbamylase-otc-deficiency/): 14 pediatric board questions on Ornithine Transcarbamylase (OTC) Deficiency, explained option by option. Options include Neonatal sepsis.
- [Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia](https://pediatriccasereview.com/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia/): 12 board-style cases on Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, each answered and explained. Answer options include Androgen insensitivity syndrome, Turner syndrome.
- [Citrullinemia](https://pediatriccasereview.com/citrullinemia/): Practise Citrullinemia in 14 board questions with worked answers. Options include Citrullinemia Type I (Classic), Neonatal bacterial sepsis.
- [Argininosuccinic Aciduria](https://pediatriccasereview.com/argininosuccinic-aciduria/): 14 pediatric board questions on Argininosuccinic Aciduria, explained option by option. Options include Argininosuccinic Aciduria (ASA), Propionic Acidemia.
- [Acute Intermittent Porphyria](https://pediatriccasereview.com/acute-intermittent-porphyria/): 12 board-style cases on Acute Intermittent Porphyria, each answered and explained. Answer options include Jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and pruritus.
- [ENT Collection 5](https://pediatriccasereview.com/ent-collection-5/): ENT Collection 5 — Hearing Question 1 of 50 Reference values ⛶ Reference values✕ Paediatric reference ranges load here when […]
- [ENT Collection 4](https://pediatriccasereview.com/ent-collection-4/): ENT Collection 4 — Nose/Face Question 1 of 50 Reference values ⛶ Reference values✕ Paediatric reference ranges load here when […]
- [ENT Collection 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/ent-collection-3/): ENT Collection 3 — Airway Question 1 of 50 Reference values ⛶ Reference values✕ Paediatric reference ranges load here when […]
- [ENT Collection 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/ent-collection-2/): ENT Collection 2 — Throat/Neck Question 1 of 50 Reference values ⛶ Reference values✕ Paediatric reference ranges load here when […]
- [ENT Collection 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/ent-collection-1/): ENT Collection 1 — Ear Question 1 of 50 Reference values ⛶ Reference values✕ Paediatric reference ranges load here when […]
- [Audiogram Interpretation](https://pediatriccasereview.com/audiogram-interpretation/): Practise Audiogram Interpretation in 10 board questions with worked answers. Options include Sensorineural hearing loss, Mixed hearing loss.
- [ENT Manifestations of Syndromes](https://pediatriccasereview.com/ent-manifestations-of-syndromes/): 10 pediatric board questions on ENT Manifestations of Syndromes, explained option by option. Options include Eustachian tube dysfunction and midface…
- [Hearing, Speech, and Language Development](https://pediatriccasereview.com/hearing-speech-and-language-development/): 10 board-style cases on Hearing, Speech, and Language Development, each answered and explained. Answer options include Normal language development for her…
- [Newborn Hearing Screening](https://pediatriccasereview.com/newborn-hearing-screening/): 10 exam-format questions on Newborn Hearing Screening for licensing examinations and MRCPCH. Answer options include Initiate hearing aid fitting immediately.
- [Congenital and Acquired Hearing Loss](https://pediatriccasereview.com/congenital-and-acquired-hearing-loss/): Practise Congenital and Acquired Hearing Loss in 10 board questions with worked answers. Options include Permanent sensorineural hearing loss from…
- [Cleft Lip and Palate](https://pediatriccasereview.com/cleft-lip-and-palate/): 10 pediatric board questions on Cleft Lip and Palate, explained option by option. Options include 4 to 7 weeks.
- [Congenital Neck Masses](https://pediatriccasereview.com/congenital-neck-masses/): 10 board-style cases on Congenital Neck Masses, each answered and explained. Answer options include Dermoid cyst, Thyroglossal duct cyst.
- [Ear Foreign Body & Trauma](https://pediatriccasereview.com/ear-foreign-body-trauma/): 10 exam-format questions on Ear Foreign Body & Trauma for licensing examinations and MRCPCH. Answer options include Acute otitis media; prescribe amoxicillin.
- [Infectious Mononucleosis](https://pediatriccasereview.com/infectious-mononucleosis/): Practise Infectious Mononucleosis in 10 board questions with worked answers. Options include Posterior cervical lymphadenopathy.
- [Obstructive Sleep Apnea & Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy](https://pediatriccasereview.com/obstructive-sleep-apnea-adenotonsillar-hypertrophy/): 10 pediatric board questions on Obstructive Sleep Apnea & Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy, explained option by option. Options include Habitual snoring without…
- [Nasal Foreign Body](https://pediatriccasereview.com/nasal-foreign-body/): 10 board-style cases on Nasal Foreign Body, each answered and explained. Answer options include Bilateral clear nasal discharge with sneezing.
- [Inhaled Foreign Body](https://pediatriccasereview.com/inhaled-foreign-body/): 10 exam-format questions on Inhaled Foreign Body for licensing examinations and MRCPCH. Answer options include Administer nebulized epinephrine.
- [Epistaxis](https://pediatriccasereview.com/epistaxis/): Practise Epistaxis in 10 board questions with worked answers. Options include Severe bilateral epistaxis requiring blood transfusion.
- [Epiglottitis](https://pediatriccasereview.com/epiglottitis/): 10 pediatric board questions on Epiglottitis, explained option by option. Options include Acute Epiglottitis, Viral Croup, Retropharyngeal Abscess.
- [Croup](https://pediatriccasereview.com/croup/): 10 board-style cases on Croup, each answered and explained. Answer options include Acute epiglottitis, Viral croup (laryngotracheobronchitis).
- [Supraventricular Tachycardia and the Arrhythmias — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/arrhythmias-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on rhythm in childhood: the rate that will not move, how adenosine must actually be given, the shocked infant with no cannula, pre-excitation, and the tracing everyone skips.
- [Heart Failure in Infancy and Cardiomyopathy — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/heart-failure-infancy-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the failing infant heart: the liver as the best bedside sign, the colic that was angina, the rhythm that wore out the muscle, and the fluid bolus that must not be given.
- [Coarctation and the Obstructed Left Heart — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/obstructed-left-heart-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the obstructed left heart: the arm-to-leg blood pressure, why the femoral pulse is late rather than absent, rib notching, the bicuspid valve, and why a repaired aorta is treated rather than cured.
- [Tetralogy of Fallot and Cyanotic Spells — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/tetralogy-of-fallot-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on tetralogy of Fallot: what decides how blue a child is, the spell and why the murmur goes quiet, knees to chest, the haemoglobin that looks normal, and the repaired teenager.
- [Septal Defects and the Persistent Duct — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/septal-defects-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on holes in the heart: why the loudest murmur is the smallest defect, when an atrial defect needs closing, the duct in a preterm baby, and the murmur that disappears.
- [Innocent and Pathological Murmurs — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/heart-murmurs-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on heart murmurs in children: the Still murmur and the venous hum, what a thrill and a diastolic component mean, the second heart sound, and which murmur needs an echocardiogram.
- [The Cyanosed Newborn — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/cyanosed-newborn-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the cyanosed newborn: the hyperoxia test, pulse oximetry screening, duct-dependent pulmonary and systemic circulations, differential cyanosis, and when prostaglandin makes things worse.
- [Chest Pain in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/chest-pain-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on chest pain in children: costochondritis and precordial catch, the exertional history that changes everything, anomalous coronary origin, aortic dissection in Marfan syndrome, and acute chest syndrome.
- [Chronic Lung Disease of Prematurity — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/chronic-lung-disease-prematurity-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on bronchopulmonary dysplasia: grading at 36 weeks, home oxygen and when it stops, feeding and growth, pulmonary hypertension, and school-age lung function.
- [Bronchiectasis and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/bronchiectasis-ciliary-dyskinesia-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching questions on bronchiectasis and primary ciliary dyskinesia in children, each with a worked answer.
- [Pleural Effusion, Empyema and Pneumothorax in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pleural-effusion-empyema-pneumothorax-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching questions on pleural collections and pneumothorax in children, from drainage decisions to tension, each with a worked answer.
- [Foreign Body Aspiration and Stridor in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/foreign-body-aspiration-stridor-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching questions on inhaled foreign bodies and the causes of stridor in children, each with a worked answer.
- [Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/obstructive-sleep-apnoea-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching questions on obstructive sleep apnoea and sleep-disordered breathing in children, each with a worked answer.
- [Preschool Wheeze and Chronic Cough — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/preschool-wheeze-chronic-cough-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching questions on preschool wheeze phenotypes and chronic cough in children, each with a worked answer.
- [Chronic Diarrhoea and Malabsorption](https://pediatriccasereview.com/git-chrondiarr/): Chronic Diarrhoea and Malabsorption - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Cystic Fibrosis in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/cystic-fibrosis-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching questions on cystic fibrosis in children, from newborn screening to modulator therapy, each with a worked answer.
- [Tuberculosis in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/tuberculosis-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching questions on tuberculosis in children, from contact screening to meningeal disease, each with a worked answer.
- [Neonatology – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neonatology-prometric-questions-set-2/): Fifty board-style neonatology questions with answers, explanations and why-not notes, written for candidates preparing for paediatric licensing examinations. Covers feeding, neonatal skin, developmental care, neurology, maternal medication, fluids, delivery room decisions, transport and postnatal ward problems.
- [Pneumonia in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pneumonia-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching questions on community-acquired and complicated pneumonia in children, each with a worked answer.
- [Croup and Upper Airway Obstruction in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/croup-upper-airway-obstruction-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching questions on croup and the obstructed upper airway in children, each with a worked answer.
- [Bronchiolitis in Infants — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/bronchiolitis-infants-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching questions on bronchiolitis in infants, from the admission decision to escalation and discharge, each with a worked answer.
- [Pancreatitis and Ingestion Injury in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pancreatitis-ingestion-injury-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching questions on pancreatitis in children, with swallowed objects and caustic ingestion, each with a worked answer.
- [Acute Hepatitis and Liver Failure in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/acute-hepatitis-liver-failure-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching questions on acute hepatitis and liver failure in children, each with a worked answer.
- [Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/gastrointestinal-bleeding-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching questions on gastrointestinal bleeding in children, from the well newborn to the variceal bleed, each with a worked answer.
- [ENT & Ophthalmology – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/ent-ophthalmology-prometric-style-questions-set-2/): Fifty board-style ENT and ophthalmology questions with worked answers: hearing, airway and voice, foreign bodies, vision development, ocular trauma and perioperative care.
- [Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/inflammatory-bowel-disease-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching questions on Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis in children, each with a worked answer.
- [Chronic Diarrhoea and Malabsorption — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/chronic-diarrhoea-malabsorption-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching questions on chronic diarrhoea and malabsorption in children, each with a worked answer.
- [Endocrinology – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/endocrinology-prometric-style-questions-set-2/): Fifty board-style endocrinology questions with worked answers: diabetes technology, thyroid disease, growth, puberty, sex development, adrenal care and emergencies.
- [Acute Asthma and Status Asthmaticus in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/acute-asthma-status-asthmaticus-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on the acute asthma attack in children, from grading severity to escalation, each with a worked answer.
- [Metabolic & Genetics – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/metabolic-genetics-prometric-style-questions-set-2/): Fifty board-style metabolic and genetics questions with worked answers: fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial disease, newborn screening, skeletal dysplasia and imprinting.
- [Asthma in Children: Diagnosis and Chronic Management — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/asthma-children-diagnosis-management-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on diagnosing asthma in children and keeping it controlled, each with a worked answer.
- [Nutrition and Faltering Growth in Children — Illustrated Cases](https://pediatriccasereview.com/nutrition-faltering-growth-children-cases/): Nutrition and Faltering Growth — Illustrated Cases Question 1 of 18 Reference values ⛶ Reference values✕ Typical paediatric values. A […]
- [Coeliac Disease and Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/coeliac-disease-milk-allergy-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on coeliac disease and cow's milk protein allergy in children, each with a worked answer.
- [Foreign Body and Caustic Ingestion in Children — Illustrated Cases](https://pediatriccasereview.com/foreign-body-caustic-ingestion-children-cases/): Foreign Body and Caustic Ingestion — Illustrated Cases Question 1 of 18 Reference values ⛶ Reference values✕ Typical paediatric values. […]
- [Dysphagia in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/dysphagia-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on difficulty swallowing in children, from eosinophilic oesophagitis to achalasia, each with a worked answer.
- [Pancreatitis and Biliary Disease in Children — Illustrated Cases](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pancreatitis-biliary-disease-children-cases/): Pancreatitis and Biliary Disease — Illustrated Cases Question 1 of 18 Reference values ⛶ Reference values✕ Typical paediatric values. A […]
- [Liver Disease in Children — Illustrated Cases](https://pediatriccasereview.com/liver-disease-children-cases/): Liver Disease in Children — Illustrated Cases Question 1 of 18 Reference values ⛶ Reference values✕ Typical paediatric values. A […]
- [Haematology – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/haematology-prometric-style-questions-set-2/): Fifty board-style haematology questions with worked answers: leukaemia, lymphoma, bleeding and thrombosis, haemoglobinopathy screening, transfusion and emergencies.
- [Neonatal Jaundice and Cholestasis — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neonatal-jaundice-cholestasis-board-questions/): Neonatal Jaundice and Cholestasis — Board-Style Questions Question 1 of 18 Reference values ⛶ Reference values✕ Typical paediatric values. A […]
- [Cardiology – Exam Review Set 4](https://pediatriccasereview.com/cardiology-prometric-style-questions-set-4/): Fifty board-style cardiology questions with worked answers: supraventricular tachycardia, the shockable rhythms, heart block, left-to-right shunts, the arterial duct, cyanotic lesions, murmurs, endocarditis, rheumatic fever, heart failure and coarctation.
- [Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Children — Illustrated Cases](https://pediatriccasereview.com/gastrointestinal-bleeding-children-cases/): Gastrointestinal Bleeding — Illustrated Cases Question 1 of 18 Reference values ⛶ Reference values✕ Typical paediatric values. A real laboratory […]
- [Acute Abdominal Pain in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/acute-abdominal-pain-children-board-questions/): Acute Abdominal Pain in Children — Board-Style Questions Question 1 of 18 Reference values ⛶ Reference values✕ Typical paediatric values. […]
- [Respiratory – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/respiratory-prometric-style-questions-set-2/): Fifty board-style respiratory questions with worked answers: asthma diagnosis and treatment, cystic fibrosis, sleep-disordered breathing, neuromuscular care and investigations.
- [Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children — Illustrated Cases](https://pediatriccasereview.com/inflammatory-bowel-disease-children-cases/): Inflammatory Bowel Disease — Illustrated Cases Question 1 of 18 Reference values ⛶ Reference values✕ Typical paediatric values. A real […]
- [Constipation and Hirschsprung Disease in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/constipation-hirschsprung-children-board-questions/): Constipation and Hirschsprung Disease in Children — Board-Style Questions Question 1 of 18 Reference values ⛶ Reference values✕ Typical paediatric […]
- [Infectious Disease – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/infectious-disease-prometric-style-questions-set-2/): Fifty board-style infectious disease questions with worked answers: pneumonia, tuberculosis, HIV, stewardship, neonatal infection, zoonoses and travel.
- [Chronic Diarrhoea and Malabsorption in Children — Illustrated Cases](https://pediatriccasereview.com/chronic-diarrhoea-malabsorption-children-cases/): Chronic Diarrhoea and Malabsorption — Illustrated Cases Question 1 of 18 Reference values ⛶ Reference values✕ Typical paediatric values. A […]
- [Ethics and Communication – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/ethics-communication-prometric-style-questions-set-2/): Fifty board-style ethics and communication questions with worked answers: consent, capacity, candour, resource allocation, end of life and public health.
- [Gastroenteritis and Dehydration in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/gastroenteritis-dehydration-children-board-questions/): Gastroenteritis and Dehydration in Children — Board-Style Questions Question 1 of 18 Reference values ⛶ Reference values✕ Typical paediatric values. […]
- [Vomiting and Pyloric Stenosis in Infancy — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/vomiting-pyloric-stenosis-infancy-board-questions/): Vomiting and Pyloric Stenosis in Infancy — Board-Style Questions Question 1 of 18 Reference values ⛶ Reference values✕ Typical paediatric […]
- [Nephrology – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/nephrology-prometric-style-questions-set-2/): Fifty board-style nephrology questions with worked answers: congenital anomalies, inherited disease, hypertension, dialysis, transplant and nephritis.
- [Neurology – Exam Review Set 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neurology-prometric-style-questions-3/): Fifty further exam-style paediatric neurology questions covering head injury, febrile seizures, status epilepticus, meningitis, weak legs, abnormal movements, the enlarging head, frightening spells and the neurocutaneous syndromes.
- [Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/gastro-oesophageal-reflux-disease-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on reflux and its imitators in infants and children, each with a worked answer.
- [Emergency & Toxicology – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/emergency-toxicology-prometric-style-questions-set-2/): Fifty board-style emergency and toxicology questions with worked answers: resuscitation, trauma, poisoning, safeguarding and transfer.
- [Pituitary Disease and Diabetes Insipidus in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pituitary-diabetes-insipidus-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on pituitary disease in children, covering diabetes insipidus and the water deprivation test, SIADH and cerebral salt wasting, hypopituitarism, and the endocrine late effects of cancer treatment.
- [Disorders of Sex Development in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/disorders-sex-development-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on differences of sex development, covering the newborn assessment and what to tell parents, the first-line investigations, the causes sorted by karyotype and gonad, and surgical timing.
- [Calcium, Vitamin D and Rickets in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/calcium-vitamin-d-rickets-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on calcium and bone in children, covering neonatal hypocalcaemia, nutritional and inherited rickets, hypoparathyroidism, and the biochemical fingerprints that separate them.
- [Cushing Syndrome and Childhood Obesity — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/cushing-syndrome-childhood-obesity-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on cortisol excess and obesity in children, covering the growth chart that separates them, screening and localising tests, and the complications of childhood obesity.
- [Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Adrenal Insufficiency — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia-insufficiency-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on adrenal disease in children, covering the salt-losing crisis, the virilised newborn, sick day rules and the emergency injection, Addison disease, and telling primary from secondary insufficiency.
- [Development and Behaviour – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/development-behaviour-prometric-style-questions-2/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on vision and hearing, social development, sleep, learning, adolescence, regression, autism, attention difficulties, parenting and child wellbeing, each with a full explanation.
- [Precocious and Delayed Puberty in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/precocious-delayed-puberty-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on puberty in children, covering the normal sequence in both sexes, central and peripheral precocious puberty, the normal variants, and the two groups of delayed puberty.
- [Gastroenterology – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/gastroenterology-prometric-style-questions-2/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric gastroenterology questions covering swallowed objects, neonatal surgery, liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, malabsorption, pancreatic disorders and rehydration, each with a full explanation.
- [Short Stature and Growth Hormone in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/short-stature-growth-hormone-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on short stature in children, covering height velocity and mid-parental height, constitutional delay, Turner syndrome, growth hormone testing and treatment, and the non-endocrine causes that are missed.
- [Hyperthyroidism and Thyroid Nodules in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/hyperthyroidism-thyroid-nodules-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on Graves disease, carbimazole and its agranulocytosis warning, thyroid storm, neonatal thyrotoxicosis, and the thyroid nodule that behaves differently in children than in adults.
- [Statistics and Research – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/statistics-research-prometric-style-questions-1/): Fifty exam-style paediatric questions on study design, bias, diagnostic test performance, screening, measures of effect and critical appraisal, each with a full explanation and a why-not panel.
- [Congenital Hypothyroidism and Acquired Thyroid Disease — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/congenital-acquired-hypothyroidism-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on hypothyroidism in children, covering newborn screening and why it misses pituitary disease, levothyroxine dosing, transient causes, autoimmune thyroiditis and when a raised TSH needs no treatment.
- [MSK and Orthopaedics – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/msk-orthopaedics-prometric-style-questions-1/): Fifty exam-style paediatric musculoskeletal and orthopaedic questions with full explanations from current guidelines: hip dysplasia, the limping child, fractures, non-accidental injury, bone dysplasia, spine and sports injury.
- [Hypoglycaemia in Infants and Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/hypoglycaemia-infants-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on hypoglycaemia in children without diabetes, covering the hypoglycaemia screen, hyperinsulinism, ketotic hypoglycaemia, fat oxidation defects, hormone deficiency and ingestions.
- [Diabetes in Children: Ongoing Management and Complications — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/diabetes-children-ongoing-management-complications-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on the long-term care of children with type 1 diabetes, covering dose adjustment, monitoring targets, exercise, screening for eye and kidney complications, and transition to adult services.
- [Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/diabetic-ketoacidosis-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on diabetic ketoacidosis in children, covering the diagnostic triad, severity grading, fluids and insulin, potassium, and recognising cerebral oedema, each with a worked answer.
- [Rheumatology – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/rheumatology-prometric-style-questions-1/): Fifty exam-style paediatric rheumatology questions with full explanations from current guidelines: juvenile idiopathic arthritis, lupus, vasculitis, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, periodic fevers and the limping child.
- [Type 1 Diabetes: Presentation and Diagnosis — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/type-1-diabetes-presentation-diagnosis-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on recognising, diagnosing and classifying type 1 diabetes in children, with worked answers, why the other options fail, and the thresholds that make the diagnosis.
- [Immunology and Allergy – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/immunology-allergy-prometric-style-questions-1/): Fifty exam-style paediatric immunology and allergy questions with full explanations from current guidelines: antibody and combined immunodeficiency, phagocyte and complement defects, food and drug allergy, urticaria and anaphylaxis.
- [Enuresis and Bladder Dysfunction in Children — Illustrated Cases](https://pediatriccasereview.com/enuresis-bladder-dysfunction-children-cases/): Eighteen board-style cases on enuresis, bladder dysfunction and general paediatric nephrology with worked explanations - monosymptomatic versus non-monosymptomatic wetting, desmopressin safety, neuropathic bladder, orthostatic proteinuria and when to refer.
- [Dermatology – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/dermatology-prometric-style-questions-1/): Fifty exam-style paediatric dermatology questions with full explanations from current guidelines: newborn rashes, napkin dermatitis, eczema, skin infection, drug reactions, psoriasis, hair and pigment.
- [Kidney Stones and Nephrocalcinosis in Children — Illustrated Cases](https://pediatriccasereview.com/kidney-stones-nephrocalcinosis-children-cases/): Eighteen board-style cases on kidney stones and nephrocalcinosis in children with worked explanations - imaging choice, hypercalciuria, cystinuria, primary hyperoxaluria, the obstructed infected kidney and prevention.
- [Vaccines – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/vaccines-prometric-style-questions-1/): Fifty exam-style paediatric immunisation questions with full explanations from current guidelines: the schedule, catch-up, contraindications, live vaccines in immunosuppression, post-exposure prophylaxis and adverse events.
- [Oncology – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/oncology-prometric-style-questions-1/): Fifty exam-style paediatric oncology questions with full explanations from current guidelines: leukaemia, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, Wilms tumour, brain and bone tumours, and febrile neutropenia.
- [Sodium and Potassium Disorders in Children — Illustrated Cases](https://pediatriccasereview.com/sodium-potassium-disorders-children-cases/): Eighteen board-style cases on sodium and potassium disorders in children with worked explanations - hyponatraemia by volume state, safe correction rates, SIADH versus cerebral salt wasting, hypernatraemic dehydration and potassium replacement.
- [CAKUT and Antenatal Hydronephrosis — Illustrated Cases](https://pediatriccasereview.com/cakut-antenatal-hydronephrosis-cases/): Eighteen board-style cases on congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract with worked explanations - antenatal hydronephrosis, posterior urethral valves, duplex systems, horseshoe kidney and the solitary functioning kidney.
- [Cystic Kidney Disease in Children — Illustrated Cases](https://pediatriccasereview.com/cystic-kidney-disease-children-cases/): Eighteen board-style cases on cystic kidney disease in children with worked explanations - recessive and dominant polycystic disease, multicystic dysplastic kidney, nephronophthisis, tuberous sclerosis and simple cysts.
- [Nutrition – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/nutrition-prometric-style-questions-1/): Fifty exam-style paediatric nutrition questions with full explanations from current guidelines: breastfeeding, weaning, vitamin deficiencies, severe acute malnutrition and parenteral nutrition.
- [Renal Tubular Acidosis and Tubulopathies — Illustrated Cases](https://pediatriccasereview.com/renal-tubular-acidosis-tubulopathies-cases/): Eighteen board-style cases on renal tubular acidosis and the tubulopathies in children with worked explanations - typing the acidosis, Fanconi syndrome, Bartter and Gitelman, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and cystinosis.
- [ENT and Ophthalmology – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/ent-ophthalmology-prometric-style-questions-1/): Fifty exam-style paediatric ENT and ophthalmology questions with full explanations from current guidelines: otitis media and mastoiditis, hearing loss and audiograms, epistaxis and the nose, airway and neck lumps, obstructive sleep apnoea, the red eye, squint and amblyopia.
- [Neonatology – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neonatology-prometric-style-questions-1/): Fifty exam-style neonatology questions with full explanations from current guidelines: resuscitation at birth, respiratory distress and surfactant, jaundice and exchange transfusion, early and late onset sepsis, hypoxic-ischaemic injury and cooling, prematurity, birth injury and the surgical newborn.
- [Chronic Kidney Disease in Children — Illustrated Cases](https://pediatriccasereview.com/chronic-kidney-disease-children-cases/): Eighteen board-style cases on chronic kidney disease in children with worked explanations - staging, renal bone disease, anaemia, acidosis, growth failure, dialysis choice, transplantation and transition.
- [Haematuria in Children — Illustrated Cases](https://pediatriccasereview.com/haematuria-alport-children-cases/): Eighteen board-style cases on haematuria in children with worked explanations - glomerular versus lower tract bleeding, IgA nephropathy, Alport syndrome, thin basement membrane disease, hypercalciuria and when to refer.
- [Metabolic and Genetic Disorders – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/metabolic-genetics-prometric-style-questions-1/): Fifty exam-style paediatric metabolic and genetic questions with full explanations from current guidelines: the collapsed neonate, organic acid and urea cycle disorders, carbohydrate and amino acid disorders, storage diseases, the trisomies, patterns of inheritance and recognisable syndromes.
- [Haematology – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/haematology-prometric-style-questions-1/): Fifty exam-style paediatric haematology questions with full explanations from current guidelines: iron and nutritional anaemia, haemolysis, sickle cell disease and its crises, thalassaemia, marrow failure, platelet and bleeding disorders, coagulation factors and neonatal haematology.
- [Endocrinology – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/endocrinology-prometric-style-questions-1/): Fifty exam-style paediatric endocrinology questions with full explanations from current guidelines: short stature and growth, puberty normal and precocious, thyroid disease, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, diabetes and ketoacidosis, hypoglycaemia, rickets and calcium disorders.
- [Ethics and Communication – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/ethics-communication-prometric-style-questions-1/): Fifty exam-style paediatric ethics and communication questions with full explanations from current guidelines: the four principles, consent and assent, refusal of treatment, confidentiality and safeguarding, breaking bad news, end of life care, research ethics and patient safety.
- [Development and Behaviour – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/development-behaviour-prometric-style-questions-1/): Fifty exam-style paediatric development and behaviour questions with full explanations from current guidelines: milestones and red flags, growth parameters, habits and elimination, school refusal and anxiety, attention deficit, autism, tics, mood and the eating disorders.
- [Emergency and Toxicology – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/emergency-toxicology-prometric-style-questions-1/): Fifty exam-style paediatric emergency and toxicology questions with full explanations from current guidelines: shock and resuscitation, the toxidromes and their antidotes, drowning, burns, anaphylaxis, envenomation and major trauma.
- [Infectious Disease – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/infectious-disease-prometric-style-questions-1/): Fifty exam-style paediatric infectious disease questions with full explanations from current guidelines: meningitis and sepsis, the exanthems, congenital infection, the immunocompromised child, travel and vector-borne infection, and infection control.
- [Respiratory – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/respiratory-prometric-style-questions-1/): Fifty exam-style paediatric respiratory questions with full explanations from current guidelines: croup and epiglottitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia, asthma and its emergencies, cystic fibrosis, pleural disease and neonatal respiratory problems.
- [Gastroenterology – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/gastroenterology-prometric-style-questions-1/): Fifty exam-style paediatric gastroenterology and hepatology questions with full explanations from current guidelines: neonatal surgical emergencies, inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease, liver and biliary disease, and the acute abdomen.
- [Neurology – Exam Review Set 4](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neurology-prometric-style-questions-set-4/): Fifty more exam-style questions on paediatric neurology, written to go where the first three sets do not: the life that surrounds a diagnosis rather than the diagnosis itself, sleep and what happens inside it, the clinic between the crises, raised pressure and the blocked vessel, the rare emergencies that are missed because nobody thought of them, the nerves that are simply squeezed against a bone, the moment a treatment becomes the emergency, the child whose label has stopped fitting, the movements that are not fits at all, and the neurology that presents to somebody else's ward, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Cardiology – Exam Review Set 5](https://pediatriccasereview.com/cardiology-prometric-style-questions-set-5/): Forty more exam-style paediatric questions on cardiology: when the rhythm is not the problem, reading the child rather than the machine, drugs, feeds and criteria, fast and why, tracings and their traps, pressure, flow and the duct, the cost of waiting, and what comes after, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Nephrology and Urology – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/nephrology-prometric-style-questions-1/): Fifty case-based questions in the style of paediatric licensing examinations, covering nephrology and urology - reflux and scarring, nephrotic complications, the renal tubular acidoses, stones, fluids and urinary tract infection - each with the answer, an explanation and the guideline named.
- [Hypertension in Children — Illustrated Cases](https://pediatriccasereview.com/hypertension-in-children-cases/): Eighteen board-style cases on paediatric hypertension with worked explanations - cuff size and staging by centile, coarctation, renovascular disease, reading renin and aldosterone, hypertensive emergency and choosing the drug.
- [Paediatric Burns: Early Management and the Airway — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/burns-the-first-twenty-minutes-and-the-airway-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the first twenty minutes of a burn: cooling and the hypothermia it causes, what belongs on the surface, the airway that closes over hours, the circumferential burn, and who is transferred whatever the size.
- [Neurocutaneous Signs in Children](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neuro-neurocut/): Neurocutaneous Signs in Children - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Major Paediatric Trauma: Haemorrhage and Airway — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/major-trauma-controlled-before-the-airway-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on the trauma that is not the head: what is controlled before the airway, the binder and the splint as bleeding control, the mechanisms that injure late, and the cold that stops blood clotting.
- [Metabolic & Genetics – Exam Review Set 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/metabolic-genetics-prometric-style-questions-set-3/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on metabolic medicine and genetics: the words that explain a pedigree, what the laboratory can and cannot say, the conditions the earlier sets left out, before and after the karyotype, the details that decide it, rarer names under the same rules, transport and exposure, the long tail, the signs worth asking for, and lipids, growth and tumour genes, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [The Spine and the Child Who Stopped Walking](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neuro-spine/): The Spine and the Child Who Stopped Walking - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Paediatric Cardiac Arrest and Shockable Rhythms — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/shockable-rhythms-and-the-minutes-after-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on the shockable half of the arrest algorithm and everything that changes once circulation returns: energy, the two-minute cycle, compression quality, the reversible causes, and post-resuscitation care.
- [ENT & Ophthalmology – Exam Review Set 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/ent-ophthalmology-prometric-style-questions-set-3/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on ENT and ophthalmology: reading an audiogram, lumps and knowing when to wait, the ear in clinic, the squinting eye, what cannot wait and what can, when it bleeds, the glands and the midline neck, damage done quietly and signs that shout, locating an airway obstruction, and the red eye that cannot wait, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Endocrinology – Exam Review Set 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/endocrinology-prometric-style-questions-set-3/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on endocrinology: when the result misleads, growth and what the film says, puberty and its timetable, the thyroid and the results that fool you, diabetes from diagnosis to crisis, salt, calcium and the adrenal, the adolescent girl and the missing period, growth hormone start to finish, what must not be missed, and deciding what happens next, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Anaphylaxis: Management After Adrenaline — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/after-the-adrenaline-next-six-hours-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on the six hours after a severe allergic reaction is treated: the second dose and the interval that earns it, what the watching period is for, what leaves with the child, and the presentations that are not anaphylaxis.
- [Neonatology – Exam Review Set 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neonatology-prometric-style-questions-set-3/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on neonatology: what the first look tells you, the mother in the baby, the delivery room and its definitions, watchful waiting and its limits, the newborn abdomen, when the bilirubin wins, the preterm lung, infection early and late, the measurements that matter, and the thresholds that force a decision, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Cardiology – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/cardiology-prometric-style-questions-1/): Fifty case-based questions in the style of paediatric licensing examinations, covering cardiology - arrhythmia and resuscitation, shunts and cyanotic lesions, heart failure, rheumatic fever, Kawasaki disease and the syndromes - each with the answer, an explanation and the guideline named.
- [MRI of the Sick Brain in Children](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neuro-mri/): MRI of the Sick Brain in Children - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Fluid Resuscitation in Paediatric Shock — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/fluid-in-shock-when-to-stop-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on the decisions around fluid in a shocked child: the reassessment between boluses, the findings that say the next one will do harm, who gets a smaller bolus or none, and when blood replaces it.
- [Haematology – Exam Review Set 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/haematology-prometric-style-questions-set-3/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on haematology: reading the coagulation screen properly, the numbers worth knowing, the marrow and its exceptions, sickle cell one layer down, giving and withholding blood, the film and the marrow, cells in the wrong numbers, when the marrow stops, the spleen and the drug, and finishing the job, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Nephrology – Exam Review Set 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/nephrology-prometric-style-questions-set-3/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on nephrology and urology: the words that decide the drug in nephrotic syndrome, telling an injured kidney from a dry one, haemolytic uraemic syndrome after the diagnosis is made, what a urine sample is actually worth, pressure and potassium together, the blocked kidney and the scrotum, the kidney that will not recover, glomerulonephritis and what happens next, the tubule and the drug and the injured kidney, and the last few decisions, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [The Deteriorating Child: Recognition and Escalation — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/the-deteriorating-child-who-is-called-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on recognising a deteriorating child and the escalation around it: who is called, within what time, who sets the observation interval, and what a handover must carry.
- [Infectious Disease – Exam Review Set 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/infectious-disease-prometric-style-questions-set-3/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on infectious disease: vaccines in the child who cannot have them, HIV beyond the diagnosis, the rashes that are confused with each other, bites and scratches and what grows in them, the mouth and the teeth and the ear, the drug and the bug and the catch, fever after travel and the brain, precautions and what the risk actually is, when a child may go back to school and what stops them, and deciding before the test comes back, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [The Acute Head on CT in Children](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neuro-headct/): The Acute Head on CT in Children - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Family Presence and Communication in the Newborn Unit — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/the-family-in-the-room-who-and-when-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the choreography around a family: where difficult news is given and who is in the room, what happens when one parent is still in theatre, the sibling nobody mentions, when memory making is offered, who travels and who telephones, and what bereaved families say a year later.
- [Ethics & Communication – Exam Review Set 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/ethics-communication-prometric-style-questions-set-3/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on ethics and communication: the principles set 1 did not use, justice when resources run out, consent at the edges, breaking bad news beyond the room, the anatomy of error, where harm happens and what it costs, designing the error out, risk and the team, conflicts of the quiet kind, and research before the committee, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [The Routine Newborn Examination — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/the-newborn-examination-doing-it-and-its-limits-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the newborn examination as a system: who performs it and inside what window, what the later examination exists for, the parts routinely skipped, the discriminators that decide a referral, and what a normal examination does not exclude.
- [Birth Injury and Neonatal Scalp Swellings — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/birth-injury-and-the-swollen-head-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the swollen newborn head: the boundary that separates a swelling worth watching from one that can empty a baby's circulation, the hour it appeared, what a rising measurement obliges you to do before he looks unwell, and the arm, face and collarbone injuries that sit alongside it.
- [Reading the EEG in Children](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neuro-eeg/): Reading the EEG in Children - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [The Surgical Newborn: Antenatal Diagnosis and Delivery Room — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/the-surgical-newborn-antenatal-to-delivery-room-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the handover that decides how a surgical newborn starts: where she delivers and who has met the family, what the first ten minutes protect, the tube that makes a diagnosis at the cotside, the green vomit that cannot wait until morning, and what has to travel with the baby.
- [Development and Behaviour – Exam Review Set 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/development-behaviour-prometric-style-questions-3/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on development and behaviour: milestones month by month, growth by the numbers, language and its red flags, autism and the spectrum, habits, behaviour in the family, school and sleep, toilet training and the teeth, and mood and eating in the adolescent, each with a full explanation, why the other options are wrong, and a clinical pearl.
- [Preterm Screening: Retinopathy, Cranial Imaging and Hearing — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/the-preterm-screening-timetable-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the screening that follows a preterm baby: who goes on the eye list and when the first examination falls due, the imaging schedule and what a single normal scan covers, when a changed breathing pattern means a new cause, the hearing test an admission changes, and what a missed screen costs.
- [Feeding the Preterm Infant — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/feeding-the-preterm-baby-advance-and-stop-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on feeding the preterm baby: what goes in first and whose milk it is, how fast the volume climbs and why slower is not safer, which aspirate stops a feed and which does not, when the line comes out, and what actually decides that a baby can go home.
- [Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy and Therapeutic Hypothermia — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/hypoxic-ischaemic-encephalopathy-who-qualifies-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the eligibility decision in neonatal encephalopathy: which babies are examined and when, what rules a baby out, how the grade is established and re-established as it evolves, what a cord gas can and cannot decide, and the traps of delivering the treatment.
- [Neonatal Hypoglycaemia — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neonatal-hypoglycaemia-who-is-at-risk-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on neonatal hypoglycaemia: which babies are tested and why, when the first sample is taken, what a bedside meter can and cannot decide, milk and warmth before a cannula, when testing stops and when a baby is ready to go home.
- [Acute Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Disease in Children](https://pediatriccasereview.com/git-panc/): Acute Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Disease in Children - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Neonatal Jaundice: Assessment and Phototherapy — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neonatal-jaundice-reading-the-chart-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on reading the treatment chart in neonatal jaundice: age in hours, gestation, the rate of rise, when a screening reading needs a serum level, phototherapy and when to intensify it, the rebound check, and the pale stool that changes everything.
- [Early-Onset Neonatal Infection — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/early-onset-neonatal-infection-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on early-onset neonatal infection: reading the mother's labour as part of the baby's assessment, what makes prophylaxis in labour adequate, how many factors change the decision, why a marker sent at the moment treatment starts proves little, the four conditions for stopping at thirty-six hours, and why the saving is made at the end of the course rather than the beginning, each with a worked answer.
- [Respiratory Distress in the Newborn — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/respiratory-distress-newborn-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on respiratory distress in the newborn: the film that fits each cause, delivery before labour, thick liquor and gas trapping, trajectory over the first day as the discriminator, antenatal steroids, continuous positive airway pressure before a tube and when to escalate, grunting as compensation, effort against saturation, and when a label has been disproved, each with a worked answer.
- [Respiratory – Exam Review Set 4](https://pediatriccasereview.com/respiratory-prometric-style-questions-set-4/): Fifty board-style respiratory questions with worked answers: stridor and the airway, the inhaled foreign body, asthma control and the acute attack, bronchiolitis, pneumonia and its complications, air and fluid in the chest, blood gases, ventilation and cystic fibrosis.
- [Transition, the Duct and the Cyanosed Newborn — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/transition-duct-cyanosed-newborn-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on the cyanosed newborn: where central cyanosis is judged, why an anaemic baby looks pink, paired pre-ductal and post-ductal saturations and what matching readings do not exclude, the limits of the hyperoxia test, effort of breathing and crying as discriminators, four-limb pressures, polycythaemia as a mimic and the timing of duct closure, each with a worked answer.
- [Resuscitation at Birth — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/resuscitation-at-birth-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on resuscitation at birth: who to call before the delivery, deferred cord clamping and when it does not apply, thermal care below thirty-two weeks, the first minute, reading the pause after inflation, when to escalate, who leads, when to stop, the Apgar score, cord gases and starting in air, each with a worked answer.
- [Cardiology – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/cardiology-prometric-style-questions-set-2/): Fifty board-style cardiology questions with worked answers: chest pain, syncope, cardiomyopathy, rheumatic heart disease, lipids, neonatal circulation and family screening.
- [Necrotising Enterocolitis and the Neonatal Surgical Abdomen](https://pediatriccasereview.com/git-nec/): Necrotising Enterocolitis and the Neonatal Surgical Abdomen - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Antimicrobial Choice, Route and Duration — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/antimicrobial-choice-route-duration-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on the penicillin allergy label and de-labelling, cephalosporin cross-reactivity, narrowing once cultures return, the IV-to-oral switch, course length, weight-based dosing with the adult cap, colonisation versus infection and antimicrobial stewardship, each with a worked answer.
- [Immunisation: Schedule, Catch-up and Contraindications — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/immunisation-schedule-catchup-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on the primary course, true and false contraindications, egg allergy, the four-week live vaccine rule, catch-up with no records, prophylactic paracetamol with meningococcal B, hesitancy and cold chain, each with a worked answer.
- [Emergency & Toxicology – Exam Review Set 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/emergency-toxicology-prometric-style-questions-3/): Fifty further exam-style paediatric emergency and toxicology questions covering drowning and hypothermia, the poisoned child, antidotes and toxidromes, salicylate and paracetamol, bites and stings, shock recognised and graded, shock that will not respond, arrest and the resuscitation team, and trauma, burns and safeguarding.
- [Prolonged Fever and Fever of Unknown Origin — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/prolonged-fever-unknown-origin-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on the definition of fever of unknown origin, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, macrophage activation, periodic fever syndromes, drug fever, fabricated illness and when to stop investigating, each with a worked answer.
- [Toxic Shock and the Rapidly Deteriorating Child — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/toxic-shock-deteriorating-child-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on toxic shock syndrome, superantigens, source control, clindamycin, fluid-refractory shock, warm and cold shock, lactate trends and escalating when you are worried, each with a worked answer.
- [Cervical Lymphadenitis and the Neck Lump — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/cervical-lymphadenitis-neck-lump-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on reactive and bacterial cervical lymphadenitis, parotid swelling, cat scratch disease, thyroglossal and branchial cysts, lymphatic malformation and when a neck node needs referral, each with a worked answer.
- [HIV and the Child with Recurrent Infection — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/hiv-and-recurrent-infection-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on when recurrent infection needs investigation, chronic granulomatous disease, 22q11 deletion, ataxia telangiectasia, vertical HIV transmission, CD4 interpretation, adherence and disclosure, each with a worked answer.
- [Gastroenterology – Exam Review Set 4](https://pediatriccasereview.com/gastroenterology-prometric-style-questions-4/): Fifty further exam-style paediatric gastroenterology and hepatology questions covering rectal bleeding, the vomiting that is not reflux, coeliac disease and the test before the diet, chronic diarrhoea, constipation and soiling, the right iliac fossa, jaundice in the older child and the newborn, and liver failure with portal hypertension.
- [Fever in the Returning Traveller — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/fever-in-the-returning-traveller-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on malaria, dengue, enteric fever, amoebic liver abscess, rickettsial infection, eosinophilia and the travel history itself, each with a worked answer.
- [Congenital and Perinatal Infection — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/congenital-and-perinatal-infection-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on group B streptococcus, early and late onset sepsis, congenital toxoplasmosis, syphilis, neonatal herpes, ophthalmia neonatorum and congenital varicella, each with a worked answer.
- [The Childhood Exanthems — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/childhood-exanthems-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on measles, rubella, roseola, slapped cheek, scarlet fever, chickenpox, hand foot and mouth, erythema multiforme and pityriasis rosea, each with a worked answer.
- [Skin and Soft Tissue Infection — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/skin-and-soft-tissue-infection-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on impetigo, cellulitis, abscess, orbital cellulitis, scalded skin syndrome, necrotising fasciitis, eczema herpeticum, bites and omphalitis, each with a worked answer.
- [Bone and Joint Infection — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/bone-and-joint-infection-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on bone and joint infection in children: the septic hip and how it lies, telling it from transient synovitis, what ultrasound can and cannot answer, Kingella, discitis and the pseudoparalysed neonate.
- [Meningococcal Disease and the Non-Blanching Rash — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/meningococcal-disease-non-blanching-rash-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on meningococcal disease: the limb pain and cold hands that come before the rash, why a blanching rash excludes nothing, purpura fulminans, who needs prophylaxis and who does not, each with a worked answer.
- [Respiratory – Exam Review Set 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/respiratory-prometric-style-questions-3/): Fifty further exam-style paediatric respiratory questions covering croup and the noisy airway, epiglottitis and the airway decision, acute asthma, bronchiolitis, consolidation, the pneumonia that will not settle, air and fluid in the pleural space, respiratory failure and the ventilator, recurrent chest infection, and sarcoidosis.
- [The Febrile Child Without a Focus — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/febrile-child-without-focus-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on the febrile child with no focus: the under-three-month rule, the traffic-light features, what an antipyretic response does and does not prove, and the safety net that makes discharge safe.
- [Late Effects of Cancer Treatment — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/late-effects-cancer-treatment-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on the late effects of childhood cancer treatment: platinum ototoxicity, gonadal damage, second cancers, the survivorship summary and the surveillance that never stops, each with a worked answer.
- [Bone Tumours and Soft Tissue Sarcomas — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/bone-tumours-soft-tissue-sarcomas-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on the bone tumours and soft tissue sarcomas of childhood: osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, the benign lesions that mimic them and the limb pain that needs imaging, each with a worked answer.
- [Wilms Tumour and the Abdominal Solid Tumours — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/wilms-abdominal-solid-tumours-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on the solid abdominal tumours of childhood: Wilms tumour, neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, surveillance in overgrowth syndromes and the masses that are not cancer, each with a worked answer.
- [Neurology – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neurology-prometric-style-questions-set-2/): Fifty board-style neurology questions with worked answers: epilepsy syndromes, drugs, headache, neuromuscular disease, demyelination and stroke.
- [Foreign Body and Caustic Ingestion in Children](https://pediatriccasereview.com/git-ingestion/): Foreign Body and Caustic Ingestion in Children - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Oncological Emergencies — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/oncological-emergencies-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style questions on the oncological emergencies of childhood: superior vena cava obstruction, hypercalcaemia, extravasation, tumour lysis risk and more, each with a worked answer.
- [Acute Myeloid Leukaemia and the Lymphomas in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/myeloid-leukaemia-lymphomas-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on myeloid leukaemia and childhood lymphoma: gum and skin infiltration that names the lineage, the Auer rod on the film, promyelocytic leukaemia and its collapsing fibrinogen, why treatment starts on suspicion rather than confirmation, differentiation syndrome, transient abnormal myelopoiesis in a newborn with Down syndrome, the green orbital lump made of leukaemia, the adolescent neck node that keeps growing, why a needle sample is not enough, which symptoms change the stage, the Reed-Sternberg cell, staging that shows function rather than size, the jaw mass that doubled in a week, why childhood lymphoma is treated systemically, the node that always needs tissue, bleomycin lung injury, the small soft node that needs only review, and why the aim is now to give less treatment rather than more.
- [Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/acute-lymphoblastic-leukaemia-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: the boy who stopped walking, night pain that needs a film rather than a radiograph, immunophenotyping to assign lineage, the mediastinal mass that makes sedation dangerous, the biochemistry of tumour lysis and the calcium you deliberately leave alone, hyperhydration with no added potassium, why every child has treatment into the spinal fluid, minimal residual disease as the strongest predictor, the age and count that define standard risk, the Philadelphia chromosome and the tablet it adds, infant disease and chromosome 11, Down syndrome and methotrexate, testicular relapse, vincristine neuropathy, the length of maintenance, leucostasis and why red cells are withheld, and the survival figure worth saying out loud.
- [Neutropenia and the Febrile Neutropenic Child — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neutropenia-febrile-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on low neutrophils in children: the severity bands and what they change, benign ethnic neutropenia as a normal variant, the post-viral dip that needs only a repeat count, the twice-weekly counts that reveal a cycle, marrow arrest at the promyelocyte in severe congenital disease, autoimmune neutropenia of infancy, the one-hour antibiotic standard in febrile neutropenia, culturing every lumen of the line, why nothing goes near the rectum, neutropenic enterocolitis managed medically, invasive fungal disease when fever persists past day five, why growth factor is not routine, co-trimoxazole prophylaxis, varicella exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis, mucositis as the portal of entry, low-risk criteria and how far the family lives from hospital, when a central line must come out, and when intravenous antibiotics can stop.
- [Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Disorders in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/thrombocytopenia-platelets-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on low platelets in children: the clumped sample that gives a falsely low count, when a bone marrow examination is not needed, why a well child with skin signs needs no drug, the mucosal bleeding that changes the decision, platelet transfusion reserved for life-threatening bleeding, chronic disease and the thrombopoietin receptor agonists, neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and the maternal count that identifies it, small platelets in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, giant platelets in Bernard-Soulier syndrome, the aggregation pattern of Glanzmann thrombasthenia, the preserved thumbs of thrombocytopenia with absent radii, chromosome breakage testing in Fanconi anaemia, drug-induced thrombocytopenia, aplastic anaemia, the shocked child whose rash looks the same, activity advice, and the platelet threshold before a lumbar puncture.
- [Gastroenterology – Exam Review Set 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/gastroenterology-prometric-style-questions-3/): Fifty further exam-style paediatric gastroenterology questions covering painless rectal bleeding, swallowed objects, bilious vomiting, jaundice in the older child, liver failure, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, the right iliac fossa, coeliac disease, rehydration and constipation.
- [Bleeding Disorders in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/bleeding-disorders-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on bleeding disorders in children: haemophilia declaring itself as a boy starts to walk, the isolated prolonged clotting time, the mixing study that fails to correct, severity by factor level, X-linked inheritance and carrier testing, factor before imaging in a joint bleed, the target joint that calls for prophylaxis, head injury where the usual rules do not apply, von Willebrand disease presenting as heavy periods, tranexamic acid, why desmopressin fails in type 3, the normal screen that excludes nothing, factor thirteen deficiency and the umbilical stump, telling haemophilia A from B, bypassing agents for an inhibitor, immunisation technique, iliopsoas haemorrhage, and disseminated intravascular coagulation in sepsis.
- [Sickle Cell Disease in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/sickle-cell-disease-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on sickle cell disease in children: acute splenic sequestration and the reticulocyte count that separates it from an aplastic episode, dactylitis as the first presentation, why the newborn blood spot matters, the test that separates carrier from disease, Salmonella osteomyelitis, avascular necrosis of the femoral head, priapism as a urological emergency, autosplenectomy, hyposthenuria and bedwetting, proliferative retinopathy in the milder forms, leg ulcers, silent cerebral infarction, preoperative transfusion, the thirty-minute analgesia standard, painless haematuria from papillary necrosis, and haemoglobin SC disease.
- [Thalassaemia and Chronic Transfusion in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/thalassaemia-transfusion-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on thalassaemia in children: the child who turns pale as fetal haemoglobin falls, the raised haemoglobin A2 that confirms beta trait, the alpha genes that chromatography cannot see, haemoglobin Bart hydrops and haemoglobin H disease, the pre-transfusion target that switches the marrow off, phenotyping before the first unit, the cardiac T2 star study that ferritin cannot replace, oral chelation and the weekly count deferiprone demands, pituitary iron and absent puberty, fragility fracture, extramedullary masses, hypersplenism, the acute haemolytic transfusion reaction, matched sibling transplant, partner testing in pregnancy, and iron loaded through the gut.
- [Haemolytic Anaemias in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/haemolytic-anaemias-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on haemolysis in children: hereditary spherocytosis and the index that gives it away, the dye test that replaced osmotic fragility, splenectomy with its vaccines and lifelong penicillin, folate rather than iron, pigment gallstones, the parvovirus aplastic crisis that makes a child paler and less yellow, the enzyme level that reads falsely normal in a crisis, the avoidance list, bite cells and Heinz bodies, warm and cold autoimmune haemolysis, Evans syndrome, transfusing when no unit is compatible, proving haemolysis, intravascular against extravascular, pyruvate kinase deficiency and the adolescent whose haemolysis is a symptom of lupus.
- [The Anaemic Child and Iron Deficiency — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/anaemia-iron-deficiency-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on anaemia in children: the film and indices of iron deficiency, the physiological nadir that needs no treatment, telling a thalassaemia trait from iron deficiency, the iron studies of inflammation, how long to continue iron and how to check it is working, why treatment fails, iron depletion without anaemia, lead poisoning, iron overdose and why charcoal is useless, folate deficiency, transient erythroblastopenia, Diamond-Blackfan anaemia, transfusing a child already in heart failure, hookworm, anaemia of prematurity, who to test, and the counts that mean this is not a diet problem.
- [Coma, Encephalopathy and Cranial Nerve Palsies — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/coma-encephalopathy-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on the unresponsive child: the opioid toxidrome and its antidote, why the pupil blows before the eye stops moving, pupils that still react and what they mean, flexor against extensor posturing, the AVPU level that means the airway is unprotected, documenting the examination before the sedative, hyperammonaemia in an intercurrent illness, posterior reversible encephalopathy, carbon monoxide and the oximeter that lies, the preconditions before brain death testing, Bell palsy and its eye care, the facial palsy that is not Bell, Ramsay Hunt, the pupil-involving third nerve palsy, Horner syndrome, the fourth nerve and functional unresponsiveness.
- [Head Injury, Concussion and Abusive Head Trauma — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/head-injury-concussion-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on head injury in children: the extradural haematoma and its lucid interval, when a head scan is mandatory and when four hours of observation will do, the boggy scalp swelling in an infant, scoring the coma scale in a child with no words, concussion as a clinical diagnosis, graduated return to learning and sport, second impact syndrome, persistent symptoms, abusive head trauma and the investigations that complete its assessment, retinal haemorrhages, bruising in a non-mobile baby, the fracture patterns that speak loudest, the metabolic mimic, the growing skull fracture, subgaleal haemorrhage and clearing a cervical spine.
- [Hepatitis and Liver Failure in Children](https://pediatriccasereview.com/git-liver/): Hepatitis and Liver Failure in Children - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Neurocutaneous Syndromes and Neural Tube Defects — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neurocutaneous-neural-tube-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on neurocutaneous syndromes and neural tube defects: the diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis type 1 and the eye checks that matter, malignant change in a plexiform neurofibroma, learning difficulty as the commonest complication, the blood pressure taken at every visit, neurofibromatosis type 2, Sturge-Weber and the stain that spares the eyelid, incontinentia pigmenti, PHACE syndrome, high-dose folic acid before conception, handling an open myelomeningocele, the neuropathic bladder, latex anaphylaxis, occult spinal dysraphism and repair before birth.
- [Ataxia, Tics and Movement Disorders — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/ataxia-tics-movement-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on ataxia, tics and movement disorders in children: post-infectious cerebellar ataxia, dancing eyes and the hidden neuroblastoma, Friedreich ataxia, ataxia telangiectasia and its radiation risk, episodic ataxia, the toddler who found grandma's tablets, Tourette syndrome and when tics need treating, stereotypies, functional tic-like behaviours, dopa-responsive dystonia, the acute dystonic reaction and its antidote, benign paroxysmal torticollis, tremor, juvenile Huntington disease and restless legs.
- [Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Regression — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/cerebral-palsy-regression-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on cerebral palsy and developmental regression: diplegia after preterm white matter injury, early hand preference, dyskinetic cerebral palsy, the motor function classification, hip surveillance and the migration percentage, selective dorsal rhizotomy, why losing a skill rewrites the diagnosis, Rett syndrome, adrenoleukodystrophy, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, the mucopolysaccharidoses, Tay-Sachs, Batten disease, first-line testing in global delay, fragile X, status dystonicus, autistic regression and the search for pain.
- [Acute Weakness in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/acute-weakness-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on acute weakness in children: Guillain-Barre syndrome from the absent reflexes to the falling vital capacity, the cerebrospinal fluid pattern, why steroids do not work, the Miller Fisher variant, transverse myelitis and the bladder that separates cord from nerve, spinal cord compression, acute flaccid myelitis, childhood arterial stroke, post-varicella arteriopathy, sickle cell exchange transfusion and Doppler screening, sinus thrombosis, moyamoya, neonatal stroke, MOG antibody disease and Todd paresis.
- [The Floppy Infant and Neuromuscular Disease — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/floppy-infant-neuromuscular-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on the floppy infant and neuromuscular disease in children: separating central from peripheral hypotonia at the cot side, spinal muscular atrophy and its new disease-modifying drugs, congenital myotonic dystrophy and the mother's handshake, Duchenne from creatine kinase to steroids to night-time ventilation, Becker, anaesthetic rhabdomyolysis, juvenile and transient neonatal myasthenia, Charcot-Marie-Tooth, juvenile dermatomyositis, Erb palsy, periodic paralysis and the congenital myopathies.
- [Hydrocephalus, Raised Pressure and Brain Tumours — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/hydrocephalus-brain-tumours-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on hydrocephalus, raised pressure and brain tumours in children: the big head and the sunsetting sign, post-haemorrhagic dilatation in the preterm, shunt blockage and shunt infection, medulloblastoma against pilocytic astrocytoma, pontine glioma, craniopharyngioma, optic pathway glioma, pineal germ cell tumours, Dandy-Walker, the Cushing response and herniation, third ventriculostomy, benign familial macrocephaly, cerebellar mutism, the false localising sixth nerve and the vein of Galen.
- [Meningitis and Encephalitis in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/meningitis-encephalitis-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on meningitis and encephalitis in children: reading the cerebrospinal fluid, when to image before the lumbar puncture, empirical antibiotics by age, dexamethasone, meningococcal disease in the community and household prophylaxis, herpes encephalitis and aciclovir, partially treated meningitis, ADEM, anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, Lyme facial palsy and hearing follow-up.
- [Headache and Migraine in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/headache-migraine-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on headache and migraine in children: migraine with and without aura, the childhood criteria, early ibuprofen and triptans, medication overuse, red flags that need same-day imaging, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, Chiari cough headache, abdominal migraine, preventives and the pill.
- [Status Epilepticus and Antiseizure Medication — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/status-epilepticus-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on convulsive status epilepticus and antiseizure drugs in children: the five-minute rule, lorazepam then levetiracetam, refractory status, hypoglycaemic and neonatal seizures, non-convulsive status, lamotrigine rash, enzyme induction and contraception, drug levels, adherence and epilepsy surgery.
- [Epilepsy Syndromes of Childhood — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/epilepsy-syndromes-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on the epilepsy syndromes of childhood: childhood absence epilepsy, self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, infantile spasms, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut, Panayiotopoulos, Landau-Kleffner and eyelid myoclonia - which drug, which to avoid, and when to stop.
- [Febrile Seizures and the First Afebrile Seizure — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/febrile-seizures-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on febrile seizures and the first afebrile seizure in children: simple versus complex, when to do a lumbar puncture, recurrence and epilepsy risk, rescue medication, vaccination, the first EEG and MRI, and the mimics.
- [Nutrition – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/nutrition-prometric-style-questions-set-2/): Fifty exam-style questions on paediatric nutrition, with worked explanations covering plant-based diets, maternal nutrition, cultural feeding practices, toddler food refusal, drinks and hydration, neurodisability, tube feeding, therapeutic diets, nutritional screening and dental health.
- [Rheumatology – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/rheumatology-prometric-style-questions-set-2/): Fifty exam-style questions on paediatric rheumatology, with worked explanations covering non-bacterial osteomyelitis, reactive arthritis, overlap syndromes, biologic therapy, steroid toxicity, regional pain, imaging, reproductive health and organ involvement beyond the joints.
- [Oncology – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/oncology-prometric-style-questions-set-2/): Fifty exam-style questions on paediatric oncology, with worked explanations covering retinoblastoma, chemotherapy toxicities, safe drug delivery, radiotherapy, central lines, mucositis and nutrition, symptom control, staging, recognition in primary care and survivorship.
- [Musculoskeletal and Orthopaedics – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/musculoskeletal-orthopaedics-prometric-style-questions-set-2/): Fifty exam-style questions on paediatric musculoskeletal medicine and orthopaedics, with worked explanations covering the upper limb, compartment syndrome, gait, hypermobility, limb length, bone lesions, hip surveillance, imaging and the syndromic child.
- [Immunology and Allergy – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/immunology-allergy-prometric-style-questions-set-2/): Fifty exam-style paediatric immunology and allergy questions with full explanations: immunoglobulin replacement, secondary immunodeficiency, interpreting immunology tests, allergy testing, venom and latex allergy, transplant and gene therapy, immune dysregulation, genetic counselling and mast cell disorders.
- [Dermatology – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/dermatology-prometric-style-questions-set-2/): Fifty exam-style paediatric dermatology questions with full explanations: acne grading and treatment, vascular birthmarks and haemangiomas, pigmented lesions, nail disorders, photosensitivity, oral and perioral lesions, skin signs of systemic disease, scars and keloids, and topical therapy.
- [Vaccines – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/vaccines-prometric-style-questions-set-2/): Fifty exam-style paediatric immunisation questions with full explanations: cold chain and storage, injection technique and site, polio eradication, the HPV programme, influenza, rotavirus age limits, maternal immunisation, meningococcal certificates, adverse event reporting and vaccine safety evidence.
- [Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Children](https://pediatriccasereview.com/git-bleed/): Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Children - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Statistics and Research – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/statistics-research-prometric-style-questions-set-2/): Fifty exam-style paediatric questions on sampling, randomisation, trial design, survival analysis, sample size, standardised rates, questionnaire validity and research integrity, each with a full explanation and a why-not panel.
- [Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children](https://pediatriccasereview.com/git-ibd/): Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Pulmonary Hypertension in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulmonary-hypertension-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on pulmonary hypertension: the second sound you can feel, why the catheter and not the scan, the crisis after surgery, and two years of asthma treatment that never worked.
- [Endocarditis, Myocarditis and Pericarditis — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/heart-inflammation-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the inflamed heart: the murmur that is in no previous letter, three cultures before the first dose, the pulse that does not match the illness, and the tamponade you must not anaesthetise.
- [Cardiology – Exam Review Set 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/cardiology-prometric-style-questions-set-3/): Fifty board-style cardiology questions with worked answers: pulmonary hypertension, the Fontan circulation, vascular rings, pericardial disease, pacing, cardiac drug toxicity, ECG interpretation and transplant care.
- [Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/rheumatic-fever-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on rheumatic fever: joints that hand over to the next joint, the swab that grew nothing, silent carditis, the two prophylaxes that get confused, and the valve years later.
- [Kawasaki Disease — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/kawasaki-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Kawasaki disease: the five features and the fever that will not settle, the infant with too few signs, the thirty-six hour rule, and the eleven-month vaccine deferral.
- [Syncope and Sudden Cardiac Death — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/fainting-in-children-board-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the child who faints: the two questions that separate a faint from an arrest waiting to happen, the near-drowning, jerking that is not epilepsy, and the normal post-mortem.
- [Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/langerhans-cell-histiocytosis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Langerhans cell histiocytosis: skull lesions, rash, biopsy and CD1a, staging, diabetes insipidus, and BRAF.
- [Neuroblastoma – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neuroblastoma-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on neuroblastoma: urine catecholamines, MIBG, MYCN and risk groups, stage MS, opsoclonus, and anti-GD2 therapy.
- [Hodgkin Lymphoma – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/hodgkin-lymphoma-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Hodgkin lymphoma: the node biopsy, mediastinal mass safety, staging and B symptoms, fertility, and late effects.
- [Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/haemophagocytic-lymphohistiocytosis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: ferritin, the criteria, familial genes, EBV and lymphoma triggers, treatment.
- [Diamond-Blackfan Anaemia – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/diamond-blackfan-anaemia-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Diamond-Blackfan anaemia: red cell aplasia in infancy, eADA, ribosomal genes, steroids, transfusion and chelation.
- [Fanconi Anaemia – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/fanconi-anaemia-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Fanconi anaemia: marrow failure, chromosome breakage testing, transplant choices, and lifelong cancer screening.
- [Acquired Aplastic Anaemia – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/acquired-aplastic-anaemia-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on acquired aplastic anaemia: severity grading, sibling transplant or ATG and ciclosporin, support, and relapse.
- [G6PD Deficiency – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/g6pd-deficiency-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on G6PD deficiency: X-linked inheritance, triggers from beans to mothballs, safe drugs, and the haemolytic crisis.
- [Hereditary Spherocytosis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/hereditary-spherocytosis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on hereditary spherocytosis: inheritance, newborn jaundice, confirming it, splenectomy timing, and gallstones.
- [Immune Thrombocytopenia – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/immune-thrombocytopenia-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on immune thrombocytopenia: the film, when to treat, IVIG or steroids, bleeding red flags, and chronic disease.
- [Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/primary-spontaneous-pneumothorax-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on primary spontaneous pneumothorax: aspiration or drain, air leak and surgery, recurrence, flying and diving.
- [Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/mycoplasma-pneumoniae-infection-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Mycoplasma infection: PCR versus serology, why beta-lactams fail, resistance, and the extrapulmonary disease.
- [Tracheomalacia – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/tracheomalacia-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on tracheomalacia: the brassy cough, why salbutamol may harm, bronchoscopy, vascular compression, and surgery.
- [Bronchiolitis Obliterans – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/bronchiolitis-obliterans-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on bronchiolitis obliterans: after adenovirus, mosaic CT, fixed obstruction, treatment, and after transplant.
- [Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/childhood-interstitial-lung-disease-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on childhood interstitial lung disease: the chILD syndrome, NEHI, surfactant gene disorders, biopsy, and care.
- [Acute Epiglottitis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/acute-epiglottitis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on acute epiglottitis and bacterial tracheitis: keeping the child calm, securing the airway, antibiotics, and contacts.
- [Laryngomalacia – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/laryngomalacia-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on laryngomalacia: the natural course, red flags, awake endoscopy, reflux, feeding, and when surgery helps.
- [Congenital Lung Malformations – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/congenital-lung-malformations-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on congenital lung malformations: antenatal risk, CPAM and sequestration, lobar overinflation, and when to operate.
- [Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/primary-ciliary-dyskinesia-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on primary ciliary dyskinesia: the newborn clue, heterotaxy, nasal nitric oxide, genetics, and airway care.
- [Pertussis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pertussis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on pertussis: the infant who cannot whoop, which test fits the week, macrolide choice, contacts and pregnancy.
- [Congenital Cytomegalovirus – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/congenital-cytomegalovirus-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on congenital CMV: diagnosis in the first weeks, who is treated and for how long, hearing and development, pregnancy.
- [Infant of a Diabetic Mother – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/infant-of-a-diabetic-mother-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the infant of a diabetic mother: the heart and lungs, hypoglycaemia, growth and birth injury, and the risks later in life.
- [Neonatal Meningitis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neonatal-meningitis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on neonatal meningitis: when to do the lumbar puncture, reading the CSF, antibiotic choice and duration, complications.
- [Congenital Syphilis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/congenital-syphilis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on congenital syphilis: reading maternal serology, evaluating the exposed baby, penicillin treatment, and follow-up titres.
- [Neonatal Herpes Simplex – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neonatal-herpes-simplex-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on neonatal herpes simplex: the three patterns of disease, the exposed baby, the antiviral course and oral suppression.
- [Neonatal Seizures – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neonatal-seizures-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on neonatal seizures: recognising them and their mimics, what the EEG adds, treatment and when to stop it, and the outlook.
- [Anorectal Malformation – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/anorectal-malformation-board-style-questions/): Twenty board-style cases on anorectal malformations: the perineal examination, the first day, colostomy or repair, linked anomalies, continence.
- [Duodenal Atresia – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/duodenal-atresia-board-style-questions/): Twenty board-style cases on duodenal atresia: the trisomy 21 link, polyhydramnios, the double bubble, replacing losses, the repair and after.
- [Exomphalos – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/exomphalos-board-style-questions/): Twenty board-style cases on exomphalos: the associated anomalies and syndromes, the intact and the ruptured sac, delayed closure and what follows.
- [Gastroschisis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/gastroschisis-board-style-questions/): Twenty board-style cases on gastroschisis: antenatal care, the exposed bowel at birth, silo or primary closure, feeding recovery and the outlook.
- [Intraventricular Haemorrhage of the Preterm Infant - Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/intraventricular-haemorrhage-preterm-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on intraventricular haemorrhage of the preterm infant: why the severe grade is a venous infarct and not a bleed that spread, why the matrix that bleeds has gone by term, the seventy-two hour window, and what a family is told when the word bleed is used about the mildest grade.
- [Oesophageal Atresia and Tracheo-oesophageal Fistula - Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/oesophageal-atresia-tracheo-oesophageal-fistula-board-style-questions/): Twenty-one board-style cases on oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula: what gas in the abdomen proves, the second job the echocardiogram does before the surgeon operates, why a bag can inflate the stomach faster than the lungs, and the leak, the tracheomalacia and the lifelong reflux that follow the repair.
- [Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia - Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neonatal-alloimmune-thrombocytopenia-board-style-questions/): Twenty-one board-style cases on neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: why the head is scanned before anything looks wrong, why random-donor platelets are never withheld while matched units are sought, and why the prevention belongs to the next pregnancy.
- [Retinopathy of Prematurity - Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/retinopathy-of-prematurity-board-style-questions/): Twenty-one board-style cases on retinopathy of prematurity: what zone and stage describe, plus disease, the aggressive posterior form, the treatment threshold and its two-day clock, laser against injection, and the eye through later childhood.
- [Biliary Atresia - Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/biliary-atresia-board-style-questions/): Twenty-one board-style cases on biliary atresia: the thriving baby who still has it, the stool colour card, why a normal ultrasound changes nothing, what the Kasai does and does not fix, cholangitis afterwards, and the years to transplant.
- [Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/congenital-diaphragmatic-hernia-board-style-questions/): Twenty board-style cases on congenital diaphragmatic hernia: what the antenatal measurements predict, why surfactant is not given, the ventilation ceiling, when the operation happens and what it does not fix, and the years afterwards.
- [Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/persistent-pulmonary-hypertension-newborn-board-style-questions/): Twenty board-style cases on persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: why more ventilator pressure fails, the oxygenation index, inhaled nitric oxide and its limits, the failing right ventricle, and when extracorporeal support is on the table.
- [Visual Impairment in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/seeing-less-than-you-think-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the child who cannot see well: what screening finds that parents cannot, living with impaired vision, and the long view.
- [Cardiac Investigation in Children: Choosing the Test — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/choosing-the-test-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on choosing cardiac investigations in children: matching the recording to the symptom, what each test cannot tell you, and when not to test at all.
- [Antenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/before-he-is-born-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the heart found before birth: what the scan can and cannot promise, what the finding means, and how the birth is planned.
- [Single-Ventricle Palliation: Norwood, Glenn and Fontan — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/one-ventricle-three-operations-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the staged single-ventricle pathway: reading the saturation at each stage, the interstage months, and the late complications after the Fontan.
- [Newborn Procedures at the Cotside — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/doing-it-to-the-baby-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on procedures in the newborn: getting the sample, putting lines in, and the ones that cannot wait.
- [Intrauterine Growth Restriction and the Small-for-Dates Infant — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/the-small-baby-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the growth-restricted term baby: small or starved, the first days, and the years after.
- [The Late Preterm Infant — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/the-almost-term-baby-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the late preterm baby born at 34 to 36 weeks: why he is not a small term baby, getting the milk in, and going home and coming back.
- [Neonatal Fluid Balance and Sodium Disorders — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/water-salt-and-the-scales-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on water and salt in the newborn: the first days' losses, the sodium that goes wrong, and what the scales and the charts can and cannot tell you.
- [Twins and Multiple Births: Neonatal Care — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/two-at-once-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on twins: what the shared placenta decided, two babies in one delivery room, and two babies in one family.
- [Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome and Antenatal Drug Exposure — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/exposed-before-birth-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the newborn exposed to drugs before birth: who is observed, the care that is not a drug, and when treatment is needed.
- [Newborn Discharge and the First Days at Home — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/going-home-the-first-nights-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on safe sleep, the first nights at home and the first two weeks after discharge, each with a worked answer.
- [Miscellaneous – Exam Review Set 2](https://pediatriccasereview.com/miscellaneous-prometric-style-questions-set-2/): Sixty more exam-style paediatric questions from the ground the system sets never reached: the gut that will not move, the child who plays and the injuries sport brings, keeping a child safe at home and in the playground, the circumstances a family lives in and what a paediatrician can do about them, families under pressure from illness, addiction and poverty, the small things clinics get wrong, travel and fasting with a chronic condition, and the questions parents actually ask in the first year, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Miscellaneous – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/miscellaneous-prometric-style-questions-set-1/): Sixty exam-style paediatric questions drawn from the ground the system sets never reached: the child who is travelling and which vaccine actually suits the trip, the worms that hide from stool microscopy and the one that waits for a steroid, the fungi beyond candida and aspergillus, infections that arrive with the traveller or the livestock, the allergy laboratory tests that are left when the usual ones are equivocal, the immunisation questions where the ordinary rules bend, resistant organisms and the operation, the result and the line and the drug reaction, the ward with its tubes and its sedation, and medicines, school and the long term, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Dermatology – Exam Review Set 4](https://pediatriccasereview.com/dermatology-prometric-style-questions-set-4/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on the skin, written for the conditions the first three sets never reached: the newborn skin nobody called about, bald patches that are not alopecia areata, pale patches and dark ones, the rashes whose names people forget, vascular marks beyond the haemangioma, skin that is thick or scaly or tight, the fungus that fools you, warts and molluscum and the answer that is not a prescription, prescribing the skin properly from emollient quantity to where a biopsy is taken, and what a skin condition costs a child in sleep, schooling and being seen, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Statistics and Research – Exam Review Set 4](https://pediatriccasereview.com/statistics-research-prometric-style-questions-set-4/): Fifty more exam-style questions on statistics and research for paediatricians, written for the ground the first three sets never reached: what a test is worth before you order it, how a laboratory reference range is built and why it flags healthy children, counting an outbreak and a vaccine, watching a trial and knowing when to stop it, consent and data when the participant is a child, giving a parent a number they can actually use, Bayesian reasoning in the small trials paediatrics is stuck with, surveillance systems and registries and what they cannot answer, algorithms once they are deployed on a real ward, and the paradoxes that reverse an answer, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Nutrition – Exam Review Set 4](https://pediatriccasereview.com/nutrition-prometric-style-questions-set-4/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on nutrition, written for the half of the subject the first three sets never entered: obesity when the diet advice has already failed, the athlete and the adolescent body, allergy after the first introduction, the short gut and intestinal failure, the preterm gut, eating through cancer and immunosuppression, the liver and heart and kidney at the table, what families buy for themselves, feeding where the ward ends at school and on the trip and at transition, and the measurements that mislead, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Development and Behaviour – Exam Review Set 4](https://pediatriccasereview.com/development-behaviour-prometric-style-questions-4/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on development and behaviour, written for the half of the subject the first three sets never entered: fluency and the language disorders, the deaf child and the blind child, feeding behaviour and the mealtime, the daytime half of toileting, the child with disability and the family around them, the phenotypes that explain a pattern, trauma and loss and what happened at home, adolescent risk, surveillance and the tools themselves, and the delay work-up nobody finished, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Rheumatology – Exam Review Set 4](https://pediatriccasereview.com/rheumatology-prometric-style-questions-set-4/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on rheumatic disease, for the ground the first three sets left open: autoinflammation beyond the four familiar periodic fevers, the vasculitides the other cards left out, the details of lupus, arthritis that follows an infection or a journey, reading the laboratory result rather than the child, the eye, the skin as the clue, growth and bone and the price of steroids, the drugs beyond methotrexate, and the conditions that look like arthritis and are not, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Metabolic & Genetics – Exam Review Set 4](https://pediatriccasereview.com/metabolic-genetics-prometric-style-questions-set-4/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on metabolic medicine and genetics, for the ground the first three sets left open: the face that names the gene, the skull, the thumb and the missing piece, a second set of emergency regimens, storage disorders and the treatable brain, the decisions of the genetics clinic, teratology and the pregnancy before, bone and connective tissue beyond the classics, mitochondria beyond MELAS and Leigh, metals, vitamins and pigments, and the tests the ward reads, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Nephrology – Exam Review Set 4](https://pediatriccasereview.com/nephrology-prometric-style-questions-set-4/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric nephrology questions for the decisions the first three sets left untouched: the transplanted child and what comes after, the dialysis unit, the genes that change the plan, the urology corner, the numbers the ward uses, kidney disease arriving from other systems, the antenatal and neonatal kidney, bone and blood in kidney failure, drugs and the kidney, and living with it, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Reading the Blood Film: Platelets](https://pediatriccasereview.com/heme-film-platelets/): Reading the Blood Film: Platelets - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Ethics & Communication – Exam Review Set 4](https://pediatriccasereview.com/ethics-communication-prometric-style-questions-set-4/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on ethics and communication: the child who refuses, the letter and the record someone else will read, information nobody asked for, the label that follows a child around, the hours after a death, medicine through a screen, harms that already have a name, how doctors are trained and assessed, care for children without papers, and the doctor's own limits, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Reading the Blood Film: Blast Cells](https://pediatriccasereview.com/heme-film-blasts/): Reading the Blood Film: Blast Cells - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Reading the Blood Film: White Cells](https://pediatriccasereview.com/heme-film-white/): Reading the Blood Film: White Cells - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Reading the Blood Film: Inclusions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/heme-film-inclusions/): Reading the Blood Film: Inclusions - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Reading the Blood Film: Damaged Cells](https://pediatriccasereview.com/heme-film-damage/): Reading the Blood Film: Damaged Cells - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Reading the Blood Film: Shape](https://pediatriccasereview.com/heme-film-shape/): Reading the Blood Film: Shape - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Reading the Blood Film: Size and Colour](https://pediatriccasereview.com/heme-film-size/): Reading the Blood Film: Size and Colour - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Cleft Palate and Velopharyngeal Insufficiency — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/the-palate-that-does-not-close/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on the palate as a valve: the hidden cleft found before an adenoidectomy, milk that comes back through the nose, speech that escapes, and the child whose seal only just holds.
- [Neurology – Exam Review Set 1](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neurology-prometric-style-questions-1/): Fifty exam-style paediatric neurology questions with full explanations from current guidelines: seizures and epilepsy syndromes, status epilepticus, neurocutaneous syndromes, neuromuscular disease, head shape, and neurological emergencies.
- [Childhood Hearing Loss: Screening, Aids and the Classroom — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/the-child-who-is-not-hearing/): Eighteen board-style teaching cases on what happens to a child's hearing after the newborn screen and outside the audiology booth: the late loss, the classroom, the aid that is not worn, and the sudden change that cannot wait.
- [Statistics and Research – Exam Review Set 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/statistics-research-prometric-style-questions-set-3/): Fifty more exam-style questions on statistics and research for paediatricians, written to go where the first two sets do not: the questions that numbers cannot answer and how interviews answer them instead, measuring a change while you are making it, the tests people reach for and the ways they are misused, getting an answer when a trial is impossible, what the outcome of a study actually is, what a treatment costs against what it buys, whether a clinical score has earned its place, how studies are combined and weighted, what a screening programme finds that nobody needed found, and how to read a guideline's own ratings, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Paediatric Skin Disease in Skin of Colour — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/the-same-disease-a-different-colour-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on recognising skin disease across skin tones: why redness is the weakest sign, what eczema looks like when it is not red, and the signs of inflammation that need no colour at all.
- [Reading the Blood Film: The Film Itself](https://pediatriccasereview.com/heme-film-reading/): Reading the Blood Film: The Film Itself - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Sun Protection and Photoprotection in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/sun-what-actually-protects-a-child-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on sun protection in children: how much sunscreen is actually applied, why a cool overcast day burns, what shade and clothing do that no bottle can, and the burn that is a burn.
- [Topical Corticosteroids in Children: Safety and Steroid Phobia — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/the-steroid-conversation-what-is-safe-and-what-is-absorbed-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on topical corticosteroids in children: what absorption actually depends on, which child is at risk of adrenal suppression, and how to answer the fear with fact.
- [Reading the ECG: The Whole Trace, In Order](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-ecg-read/): Reading the ECG: The Whole Trace, In Order - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Treatment Failure in Childhood Eczema — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/when-the-treatment-is-right-and-the-child-is-not-better-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the gap between a correct eczema prescription and a better child: how much was actually dispensed, who applies it at school, and what the family stopped doing and why.
- [Musculoskeletal and Orthopaedics – Exam Review Set 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/musculoskeletal-orthopaedics-prometric-style-questions-set-3/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on bones and joints, written to go where the first two sets do not: the knee that gives way and the foot that will not flatten, the shoulder and the growing arm, infection that does not behave like infection, what tone does to a growing skeleton, the months after a fracture has healed, the adolescent attachment that comes off before the tendon tears, limbs that formed differently before birth, bone that softens and then rebuilds itself, and the decisions that follow once a hip has finally been named, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Reading the ECG: The Fast Trace](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-ecg-fast/): Reading the ECG: The Fast Trace - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Orthopaedic Implants in Children: Pins, Frames and Aftercare — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/the-metal-in-the-bone-pins-frames-and-the-weeks-after-theatre-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the weeks after orthopaedic surgery in children: what a healthy pin site looks like, the wire tenting the skin, the loose pin, and what a family should be told to report.
- [Reading the ECG: The Wide Complex](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-ecg-wide/): Reading the ECG: The Wide Complex - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Paediatric Ankle Injuries and Growth Plate Fractures — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/the-child-ankle-the-growth-plate-the-sprain-was-hiding-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the injured ankle in children: why a child breaks the plate where an adult tears the ligament, which children need a film, and the fracture that belongs to one age only.
- [Reading the ECG: The ST Segment and the T Wave](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-ecg-st/): Reading the ECG: The ST Segment and the T Wave - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Paediatric Elbow Injuries: Supracondylar Fracture — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/the-child-elbow-the-line-the-nerve-and-the-fracture-that-moves-later-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the injured elbow in children: the fracture that separates in the first week, the line that finds a dislocated radial head, and the nerve with no sensory story to tell.
- [Reading the ECG: The PR Interval and the Blocks](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-ecg-pr/): Reading the ECG: The PR Interval and the Blocks - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Paediatric Hand and Nail Injuries — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/the-child-hand-what-the-nail-hides-and-what-the-fist-reveals-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the injured hand in children: the nail that hides a fracture, the fist that reveals a twist, and the splint position that prevents a stiff hand.
- [Immunology and Allergy – Exam Review Set 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/immunology-allergy-prometric-style-questions-set-3/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on the immune system, written to go where the first two sets do not: the named syndromes neither set reaches, the defences a standard panel cannot measure, the newborn pathway from an abnormal screen to a confirmed diagnosis, what a deficiency does to the lungs and gut over years, the everyday business of prophylaxis and exposure and transition, the months after a transplant, what to do when something goes wrong at home, the presentations that are not infection at all, the questions families actually ask, and where a diagnosis finally comes from, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Reading the ECG: The QT Interval](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-ecg-qt/): Reading the ECG: The QT Interval - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Paediatric Fractures: Remodelling and Management — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/the-child-fracture-what-remodels-and-what-will-not-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on what a child's fracture does next: the angulation that corrects itself and the rotation that never will, how much growth is left to do the correcting, the growth plate injury with a normal film, the lifted fat that means a break you have not found, and the silent tethering that shows itself years later.
- [Rheumatology – Exam Review Set 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/rheumatology-prometric-style-questions-set-3/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on rheumatic disease, written to go where the first two sets do not: monitoring the drug rather than the disease, the brain and the nerves in lupus and vasculitis, the single-gene conditions that mimic the common childhood arthritis, the damage these illnesses leave behind, the organs nobody expects them to reach, the practical business of getting treatment into a child, reading the child in front of you, life outside the clinic, the work between appointments, and the conversations that decide everything, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Reading the ECG: Axis and Chamber Size](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-ecg-axis/): Reading the ECG: Axis and Chamber Size - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Electrical Injury in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/the-current-and-the-child-electrical-injury-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the current rather than the burn: the mouth burnt on a cable and the artery that bleeds a week later, who needs a monitor and who can go home, why alternating current holds a child while lightning throws them clear, the paralysis that resolves, and the scene nobody may touch yet.
- [Reading the ECG: Rate and Rhythm](https://pediatriccasereview.com/card-ecg-rhythm/): Reading the ECG: Rate and Rhythm - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Vaccines – Exam Review Set 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/vaccines-prometric-style-questions-set-3/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on immunisation, written to go where the first two sets do not: the newer immunisations and who they are actually for, coverage, vaccine failure and the thresholds that protect a population, errors, ingredients and what follows them, what is in a vaccine and how it is given, the programme rather than the patient in front of you, the first weeks of life, the reactions that change the next dose, timing, products and reconciling records, the questions asked at the clinic door, and the late, the missed and the unplanned, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [The Difficult Paediatric Airway: Rescue Techniques — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/the-airway-that-will-not-open-rescue-in-order-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on what is left when repositioning has failed: the second pair of hands on the mask, the adjunct that makes obstruction worse, the device above the cords, how many attempts are allowed, the needle in the front of the neck, and the tube that moves every time the child does.
- [Reading the Head in Children](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neuro-head/): Reading the Head in Children - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Oncology – Exam Review Set 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/oncology-prometric-style-questions-set-3/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on childhood cancer, written to go where the first two sets do not: the myeloid leukaemias and their emergencies, the treatments that become the problem themselves, the rarer tumours and the inherited risk behind them, the practical business of running treatment from response measurement to shared care, the places disease turns up when it returns, deciding and living with local treatment, what follows the first course, preventing harm during it, reading the laboratory that directs it all, and the conditioning, cells and chemistry of high-dose treatment, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Reading the Gait in Children](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neuro-gait/): Reading the Gait in Children - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in Children — Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/sedation-and-pain-what-is-decided-before-the-drug-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the decisions taken before the drug is drawn up: whether fasting changes the timing, how deep you must be able to rescue from, the gas that is wrong when air is trapped, the block that spares the opioid, and how a child is judged fit to go home.
- [Dermatology – Exam Review Set 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/dermatology-prometric-style-questions-set-3/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on the skin, written to sit beside the first two sets rather than repeat them: lumps and lesions in the first weeks of life, settling a diagnosis at the bedside with a lamp, a scraping or a sensory test, vulval and perianal skin, bites and stings and the outdoors, the skin that overreacts to cold, a drug or a drip, infections that were missed, modified by treatment or brought back from elsewhere, firm lumps and benign growths, changes in colour and hair that point to something underneath, fingers and toes and the small procedures that relieve them, and a last look at the mouth, the ear and the scalp, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Reading the Eye in Children](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neuro-eye/): Reading the Eye in Children - twelve illustrated case-based questions with full explanations.
- [Nutrition – Exam Review Set 3](https://pediatriccasereview.com/nutrition-prometric-style-questions-set-3/): Fifty more exam-style paediatric questions on nutrition: measuring, reading and classifying growth, milk and feeds and supplements, thresholds and additions, too much and too little of a vitamin, the signals that decide admission, getting the feed right in illness and after discharge, the everyday questions families ask about storing milk, fasting and salt, feeding beyond the ward from the stoma to the food bank, the advice that changes what happens next, and the common doubts about twins, charts, labels and letting a baby feed herself, each with a full explanation, why the other options fail, and a clinical pearl.
- [Blunt Abdominal Trauma – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/blunt-abdominal-trauma-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on blunt abdominal trauma: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Spinal Cord Injury – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/spinal-cord-injury-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on spinal cord injury: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Cardiogenic Shock – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/cardiogenic-shock-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on cardiogenic shock: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Septic Shock – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/septic-shock-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on septic shock: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Smoke Inhalation Injury – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/smoke-inhalation-injury-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on smoke inhalation injury: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Hypothermia – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/hypothermia-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on hypothermia: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Heat Stroke – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/heat-stroke-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on heat stroke: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Drowning – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/drowning-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on drowning: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Scorpion Envenomation – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/scorpion-envenomation-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on scorpion envenomation: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Snake Envenomation – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/snake-envenomation-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on snake envenomation: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Lead Poisoning – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/lead-poisoning-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on lead poisoning: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Carbon Monoxide Poisoning – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/carbon-monoxide-poisoning-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on carbon monoxide poisoning: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Opioid Poisoning – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/opioid-poisoning-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on opioid poisoning: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Tricyclic Antidepressant Overdose – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/tricyclic-antidepressant-overdose-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on tricyclic antidepressant overdose: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Organophosphate Poisoning – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/organophosphate-poisoning-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on organophosphate poisoning: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Iron Poisoning – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/iron-poisoning-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on iron poisoning: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Paracetamol Poisoning – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/paracetamol-poisoning-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on paracetamol poisoning: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/anti-nmda-receptor-encephalitis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Arterial Ischaemic Stroke in Children – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/arterial-ischaemic-stroke-in-children-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on childhood arterial ischaemic stroke: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Bell Palsy – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/bell-palsy-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Bell palsy: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on idiopathic intracranial hypertension: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/acute-disseminated-encephalomyelitis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Rett Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/rett-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Rett syndrome: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Self-Limited Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/self-limited-epilepsy-with-centrotemporal-spikes-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Dravet Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/dravet-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Dravet syndrome: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Childhood Absence Epilepsy – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/childhood-absence-epilepsy-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on childhood absence epilepsy: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Infantile Spasms – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/infantile-spasms-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on infantile spasms: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Neurofibromatosis Type 1 – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neurofibromatosis-type-1-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on neurofibromatosis type 1: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Tuberous Sclerosis Complex – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/tuberous-sclerosis-complex-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on tuberous sclerosis complex: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Guillain-Barre Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/guillain-barre-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Guillain-Barre syndrome: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Juvenile Myasthenia Gravis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/juvenile-myasthenia-gravis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on juvenile myasthenia gravis: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Spinal Muscular Atrophy – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/spinal-muscular-atrophy-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on spinal muscular atrophy: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/duchenne-muscular-dystrophy-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Duchenne muscular dystrophy: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Cat Scratch Disease – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/cat-scratch-disease-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on cat scratch disease in children: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and prevention.
- [Invasive Candidiasis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/invasive-candidiasis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on invasive candidiasis in children: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and prevention.
- [Rabies – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/rabies-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on rabies in children: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and prevention.
- [Tetanus – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/tetanus-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on tetanus in children: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and prevention.
- [Herpes Simplex Encephalitis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/herpes-simplex-encephalitis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on herpes simplex encephalitis in children: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and prevention.
- [Scarlet Fever and Invasive Group A Streptococcus – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/scarlet-fever-and-invasive-group-a-streptococcus-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on group A streptococcal infection in children: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and prevention.
- [Periorbital and Orbital Cellulitis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/periorbital-and-orbital-cellulitis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on periorbital and orbital cellulitis in children: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and prevention.
- [Visceral Leishmaniasis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/visceral-leishmaniasis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on visceral leishmaniasis in children: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and prevention.
- [Dengue – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/dengue-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on dengue in children: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and prevention.
- [Enteric Fever – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/enteric-fever-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on enteric fever in children: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and prevention.
- [Brucellosis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/brucellosis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on brucellosis in children: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and prevention.
- [Infectious Mononucleosis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/infectious-mononucleosis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on infectious mononucleosis in children: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and prevention.
- [Varicella and Herpes Zoster – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/varicella-and-herpes-zoster-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on varicella and herpes zoster in children: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and prevention.
- [Measles – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/measles-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on measles in children: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and prevention.
- [Extrahepatic Portal Vein Obstruction – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/extrahepatic-portal-vein-obstruction-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on extrahepatic portal vein obstruction: the well child who bleeds, the cavernoma on Doppler, variceal care, the meso-Rex bypass, growth and the lung complications.
- [Wilson Disease – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/wilson-disease-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Wilson disease: copper studies, Kayser-Fleischer rings, acute liver failure, chelation and family screening.
- [Choledochal Cyst – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/choledochal-cyst-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on choledochal cyst: classification, presentation, imaging, excision and long-term risk.
- [Fatty Liver Disease – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/fatty-liver-disease-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on fatty liver disease in children: screening, alternative causes, imaging, lifestyle treatment and complications.
- [Alagille Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/alagille-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Alagille syndrome: cholestasis with duct paucity, the heart, the eye, the spine, pruritus and genetics.
- [Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: neonatal cholestasis, phenotypes, liver outcomes, lung protection and counselling.
- [Autoimmune Hepatitis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/autoimmune-hepatitis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on autoimmune hepatitis: autoantibodies, the liver biopsy, induction, maintenance and overlap with sclerosing cholangitis.
- [Short Bowel Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/short-bowel-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on short bowel syndrome: intestinal adaptation, parenteral nutrition, line sepsis, liver disease and rehabilitation.
- [Polyposis Syndromes – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/polyposis-syndromes-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on polyposis syndromes: juvenile polyposis, Peutz-Jeghers, familial adenomatous polyposis and surveillance.
- [Helicobacter pylori Infection – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/helicobacter-pylori-infection-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Helicobacter pylori: who to test, which test, eradication regimens, resistance and complications.
- [Meckel Diverticulum – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/meckel-diverticulum-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Meckel diverticulum: painless rectal bleeding, the tracer scan, obstruction, diverticulitis and surgery.
- [Malrotation and Midgut Volvulus – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/malrotation-and-midgut-volvulus-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on malrotation and midgut volvulus: bilious vomiting, the contrast study, the Ladd procedure and the ischaemic gut.
- [Intussusception – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/intussusception-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on intussusception: the classic triad and its absence, ultrasound, enema reduction, lead points and recurrence.
- [Hirschsprung Disease – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/hirschsprung-disease-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Hirschsprung disease: delayed meconium, the rectal biopsy, enterocolitis, the pull-through and life after surgery.
- [Tricuspid Atresia – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/tricuspid-atresia-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on tricuspid atresia: the ECG clue, the forms, lung flow, the staged pathway, cyanosis care, and the single ventricle.
- [Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulmonary-atresia-with-intact-ventricular-septum-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum: the right ventricle, coronary sinusoids, valve perforation, duct stenting, and the path chosen.
- [Marfan Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/marfan-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Marfan syndrome: the diagnosis, the lens, the aortic root, surgery, pregnancy, and an emergency plan.
- [Vascular Rings – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/vascular-rings-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on vascular rings: stridor from birth, the swallow, the double arch, the sling, surgery, and recovery.
- [Truncus Arteriosus – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/truncus-arteriosus-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on truncus arteriosus: 22q11.2 deletion, bounding pulses, early repair, the conduit, the truncal valve, and the future.
- [Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: genetics, the ECG, sudden death risk, the defibrillator, obstruction, and living with it.
- [Anomalous Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/anomalous-left-coronary-artery-from-the-pulmonary-artery-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: infant angina, the ECG, coronary steal, reimplantation, recovery, and late checks.
- [Pulmonary Valve Stenosis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pulmonary-valve-stenosis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on pulmonary valve stenosis: the click, Noonan syndrome, grading, the balloon, the dysplastic valve, and the outlook.
- [Ebstein Anomaly – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/ebstein-anomaly-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Ebstein anomaly: the huge heart, functional atresia, pathways, the cone repair, cyanosis, and a wide spectrum.
- [Atrioventricular Septal Defect – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/atrioventricular-septal-defect-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on atrioventricular septal defect: the silent newborn, the ECG, the common valve, heart block, the left valve, and Down syndrome.
- [Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-drainage-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage: the obstructed emergency, the types, the atrial septum, isomerism, and pulmonary vein stenosis.
- [Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/hypoplastic-left-heart-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on hypoplastic left heart syndrome: the fetal scan, balancing the flow, the Norwood, the shunt, the family's hearts, and the outlook.
- [Transposition of the Great Arteries – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/transposition-of-the-great-arteries-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on transposition of the great arteries: oximetry screening, mixing and the duct, the arterial switch, the new aorta, and adult life after older repairs.
- [Polycystic Ovary Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/polycystic-ovary-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on polycystic ovary syndrome: diagnosis in adolescents, the mimics, the pill, hirsutism, metabolic checks, and fertility.
- [X-Linked Hypophosphataemia – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/x-linked-hypophosphataemia-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on X-linked hypophosphataemia: proving phosphate wasting, age-specific ranges, burosumab, conventional treatment, teeth, and adult life.
- [McCune-Albright Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/mccune-albright-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on McCune-Albright syndrome: peripheral puberty, keeping the ovary, letrozole, fibrous dysplasia, phosphate, and the other glands.
- [Craniopharyngioma – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/craniopharyngioma-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on craniopharyngioma: slow growth first, cortisol before surgery, sparing the hypothalamus, thirst, sleep, and lifelong care.
- [Prader-Willi Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/prader-willi-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Prader-Willi syndrome: the floppy newborn, weight before hunger, growth hormone, cortisol cover, food security, and behaviour.
- [Klinefelter Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/klinefelter-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Klinefelter syndrome: small firm testes, the hormone pattern, testosterone, fertility, learning, and long-term risks.
- [Turner Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/turner-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Turner syndrome: mosaicism, the aorta against body size, the kidneys and ears, growth hormone, puberty, and lifelong care.
- [Growth Hormone Deficiency – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/growth-hormone-deficiency-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on growth hormone deficiency: height velocity, IGF-1 that misleads, after radiotherapy, dosing, missed injections, and when to stop.
- [Congenital Hyperinsulinism – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/congenital-hyperinsulinism-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on congenital hyperinsulinism: the critical sample, the glucose target, diazoxide, focal disease, feeding, and development.
- [Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/cystic-fibrosis-related-diabetes-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on cystic fibrosis-related diabetes: why it happens, overnight feeds, insulin rather than tablets, diet that keeps calories high, and the lungs.
- [Monogenic Diabetes – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/monogenic-diabetes-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on monogenic diabetes: who to test, tablets in place of insulin, the family result, neonatal diabetes, and pregnancy.
- [Type 2 Diabetes in Young People – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/type-2-diabetes-in-young-people-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on type 2 diabetes in young people: confirming the diagnosis, the first treatment, when insulin is needed, complications from the start, and planning a pregnancy.
- [Pelviureteric Junction Obstruction – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pelviureteric-junction-obstruction-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on pelviureteric junction obstruction: the antenatal grade, preparing the renogram, what ends the waiting, the infected obstructed kidney, and long follow-up.
- [Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/nephrogenic-diabetes-insipidus-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: the first test in an infant, bringing the sodium down, the carrier mother, low-solute feeding, and the child who cannot ask.
- [Bartter Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/bartter-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Bartter syndrome: the baby who cannot be filled, telling it from the mimics, nephrocalcinosis, sick-day rules, and leaving the children's clinic.
- [Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/autosomal-dominant-polycystic-kidney-disease-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: whether to look, counting the cysts, blood pressure, the painful side, and what changes at eighteen.
- [Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/autosomal-recessive-polycystic-kidney-disease-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease: breathing first, when the kidneys must come out, the big spleen, cholangitis, and the next pregnancy.
- [Lupus Nephritis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/lupus-nephritis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on lupus nephritis: how often to look, reading the class, starting induction, protecting the bones, and fever on treatment.
- [Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/steroid-resistant-nephrotic-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: counting the weeks, who is tested first, the clot nobody expects, rituximab's place, and growing up on treatment.
- [IgA Nephropathy – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/iga-nephropathy-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on IgA nephropathy: counting the days, who gets a biopsy, reading the report, the threshold to act, and where a steroid belongs.
- [Alport Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/alport-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Alport syndrome: reading the family tree, hearing and eye signs, gene or biopsy, when treatment starts, and the mother as donor.
- [Posterior Urethral Valves – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/posterior-urethral-valves-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on posterior urethral valves: the antenatal measurement, where to be born, the nadir creatinine, the bladder at night, and the teenage years.
- [IgA Vasculitis Nephritis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/iga-vasculitis-nephritis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on IgA vasculitis nephritis: the finding that matters, how long the risk lasts, urine at each visit, what the biopsy decides, and pregnancy later.
- [Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/haemolytic-uraemic-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on haemolytic uraemic syndrome: early fluid, when dialysis cannot wait, the well sibling, the atypical work-up, and what the family are told.
- [Venous Thromboembolism in Children – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/venous-thromboembolism-in-children-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on venous thromboembolism in children: central lines, imaging, heparin dosing, treatment length, and thrombophilia.
- [Von Willebrand Disease – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/von-willebrand-disease-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on von Willebrand disease: bleeding scores, blood group O, type 2 and 3, desmopressin safety, and heavy periods.
- [Ptosis and the Abnormal Eyelid – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/ptosis-and-the-abnormal-eyelid-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on ptosis and the abnormal eyelid: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Eye Injury in Children – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/eye-injury-in-children-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on eye injury in children: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Retinoblastoma and Leukocoria – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/retinoblastoma-and-leukocoria-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on retinoblastoma and leukocoria: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Congenital Glaucoma – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/congenital-glaucoma-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on congenital glaucoma: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Congenital Cataract – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/congenital-cataract-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on congenital cataract: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Squint and Amblyopia – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/squint-and-amblyopia-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on squint and amblyopia: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction and the Watering Eye – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/nasolacrimal-duct-obstruction-and-the-watering-eye-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on nasolacrimal duct obstruction: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Conjunctivitis in Childhood – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/conjunctivitis-in-childhood-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on conjunctivitis in childhood: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [The Child with a Tracheostomy – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/the-child-with-a-tracheostomy-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the child with a tracheostomy: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Congenital Neck Lumps – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/congenital-neck-lumps-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on congenital neck lumps: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Foreign Bodies in the Ear and Nose – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/foreign-bodies-in-the-ear-and-nose-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on foreign bodies in the ear and nose: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Epistaxis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/epistaxis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on epistaxis: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Sinusitis in Children – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/sinusitis-in-children-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on sinusitis in children: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Tonsillitis and Peritonsillar Abscess – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/tonsillitis-and-peritonsillar-abscess-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscess: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Cholesteatoma – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/cholesteatoma-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on cholesteatoma: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Mastoiditis and the Complications of Otitis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/mastoiditis-and-the-complications-of-otitis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on mastoiditis and the complications of otitis: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Otitis Externa and the Discharging Ear – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/otitis-externa-and-the-discharging-ear-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on otitis externa and the discharging ear: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Otitis Media with Effusion – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/otitis-media-with-effusion-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on otitis media with effusion: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Acute Otitis Media – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/acute-otitis-media-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on acute otitis media: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Complement Deficiency and Asplenia – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/complement-deficiency-and-asplenia-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on complement deficiency and asplenia: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/22q11-2-deletion-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Chronic Granulomatous Disease – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/chronic-granulomatous-disease-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on chronic granulomatous disease: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Antibody Deficiency and Common Variable Immunodeficiency – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/antibody-deficiency-and-common-variable-immunodeficiency-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on antibody deficiency and common variable immunodeficiency: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Severe Combined Immunodeficiency – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/severe-combined-immunodeficiency-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on severe combined immunodeficiency: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Uveitis in Juvenile Arthritis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/uveitis-in-juvenile-arthritis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on uveitis in juvenile arthritis: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/chronic-recurrent-multifocal-osteomyelitis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Children – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/antiphospholipid-syndrome-in-children-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on antiphospholipid syndrome in children: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Juvenile Localised Scleroderma – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/juvenile-localised-scleroderma-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on juvenile localised scleroderma: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [PFAPA and Periodic Fever Syndromes – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/pfapa-and-periodic-fever-syndromes-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on PFAPA and the periodic fever syndromes: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Familial Mediterranean Fever – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/familial-mediterranean-fever-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on familial Mediterranean fever: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [ANCA-Associated Vasculitis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/anca-associated-vasculitis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on ANCA-associated vasculitis: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Takayasu Arteritis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/takayasu-arteritis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Takayasu arteritis: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Henoch-Schonlein Purpura – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/henoch-schonlein-purpura-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Henoch-Schonlein purpura: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Childhood Systemic Lupus Erythematosus – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/childhood-systemic-lupus-erythematosus-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on childhood systemic lupus erythematosus: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Juvenile Dermatomyositis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/juvenile-dermatomyositis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on juvenile dermatomyositis: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Enthesitis-Related Arthritis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/enthesitis-related-arthritis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on enthesitis-related arthritis: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Systemic JIA and Macrophage Activation Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/systemic-jia-and-macrophage-activation-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on systemic JIA and macrophage activation syndrome: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/polyarticular-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Oligoarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/oligoarticular-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Newborn Blood Spot Screening – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/newborn-blood-spot-screening-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on newborn blood spot screening: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [The Acute Metabolic Presentation – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/the-acute-metabolic-presentation-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the acute metabolic presentation: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Peroxisomal Disorders – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/peroxisomal-disorders-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on peroxisomal disorders: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Lysosomal Storage Disease – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/lysosomal-storage-disease-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on lysosomal storage disease: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Mitochondrial Disease – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/mitochondrial-disease-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on mitochondrial disease: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Glycogen Storage Disease – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/glycogen-storage-disease-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on glycogen storage disease: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Fatty Acid Oxidation Defects – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/fatty-acid-oxidation-defects-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on fatty acid oxidation defects: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Organic Acidaemias – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/organic-acidaemias-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on organic acidaemias: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Urea Cycle Disorders – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/urea-cycle-disorders-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on urea cycle disorders: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Maple Syrup Urine Disease – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/maple-syrup-urine-disease-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on maple syrup urine disease: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Galactosaemia – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/galactosaemia-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on galactosaemia: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Phenylketonuria – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/phenylketonuria-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on phenylketonuria: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Chromosomal Microarray and Exome Testing – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/chromosomal-microarray-and-exome-testing-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on chromosomal microarray and exome testing: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [The Dysmorphic Infant – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/the-dysmorphic-infant-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on the dysmorphic infant: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Inheritance and Genetic Counselling – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/inheritance-and-genetic-counselling-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on inheritance and genetic counselling: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Noonan Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/noonan-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Noonan syndrome: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Angelman Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/angelman-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Angelman syndrome: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Williams Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/williams-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Williams syndrome: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Fragile X Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/fragile-x-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on fragile X syndrome: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Down Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/down-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Down syndrome: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Arthrogryposis and Joint Contractures – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/arthrogryposis-and-joint-contractures-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on arthrogryposis and joint contractures: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Fractures That Raise Safeguarding Concern – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/fractures-that-raise-safeguarding-concern-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on fractures that raise safeguarding concern: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Flat Foot, In-Toeing and Normal Variants – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/flat-foot-in-toeing-and-normal-variants-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on flat foot, in-toeing and normal variants: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Benign Bone Lesions and Pathological Fracture – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/benign-bone-lesions-and-pathological-fracture-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on benign bone lesions and pathological fracture: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Ewing Sarcoma and Osteosarcoma – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/ewing-sarcoma-and-osteosarcoma-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Marfan Syndrome and the Tall Child – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/marfan-syndrome-and-the-tall-child-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Marfan syndrome and the tall child: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Achondroplasia and Short-Limb Dysplasia – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/achondroplasia-and-short-limb-dysplasia-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on achondroplasia and short-limb dysplasia: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/brachial-plexus-birth-palsy-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on brachial plexus birth palsy: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Osgood-Schlatter and Overuse Injury – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/osgood-schlatter-and-overuse-injury-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Osgood-Schlatter disease and overuse injury: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Congenital Muscular Torticollis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/congenital-muscular-torticollis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on congenital muscular torticollis: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Nutritional Rickets and Bone Health – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/nutritional-rickets-and-bone-health-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on nutritional rickets and bone health: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Osteogenesis Imperfecta – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/osteogenesis-imperfecta-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on osteogenesis imperfecta: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Congenital Talipes Equinovarus – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/congenital-talipes-equinovarus-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on congenital talipes equinovarus: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/adolescent-idiopathic-scoliosis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Transient Synovitis and the Limping Child – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/transient-synovitis-and-the-limping-child-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on transient synovitis and the limping child: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Acute Haematogenous Osteomyelitis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/acute-haematogenous-osteomyelitis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on acute haematogenous osteomyelitis: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Septic Arthritis of Childhood – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/septic-arthritis-of-childhood-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on septic arthritis of childhood: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphysis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/slipped-upper-femoral-epiphysis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on slipped upper femoral epiphysis: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Perthes Disease – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/perthes-disease-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on Perthes disease: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/developmental-dysplasia-of-the-hip-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on developmental dysplasia of the hip: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Head Lice – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/head-lice-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on head lice: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Neonatal Rashes and Pustular Melanosis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/neonatal-rashes-and-pustular-melanosis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on neonatal rashes: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Ichthyosis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/ichthyosis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on ichthyosis: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Epidermolysis Bullosa – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/epidermolysis-bullosa-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on epidermolysis bullosa: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Contact Dermatitis – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/contact-dermatitis-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on contact dermatitis: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Seborrhoeic Dermatitis and Cradle Cap – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/seborrhoeic-dermatitis-and-cradle-cap-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on seborrhoeic dermatitis and cradle cap: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Vitiligo – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/vitiligo-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on vitiligo: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Alopecia Areata – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/alopecia-areata-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on alopecia areata: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Congenital Melanocytic Naevus – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/congenital-melanocytic-naevus-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on congenital melanocytic naevus: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Capillary Malformation and Sturge-Weber Syndrome – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/capillary-malformation-and-sturge-weber-syndrome-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on capillary malformation and Sturge-Weber syndrome: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Infantile Haemangioma – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/infantile-haemangioma-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on infantile haemangioma: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Erythema Multiforme – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/erythema-multiforme-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on erythema multiforme: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Urticaria and Angioedema – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/urticaria-and-angioedema-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on urticaria and angioedema: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Molluscum Contagiosum and Viral Warts – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/molluscum-contagiosum-and-viral-warts-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on molluscum contagiosum and viral warts: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Scabies – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/scabies-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on scabies: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Tinea Capitis and Superficial Fungal Infection – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/tinea-capitis-and-superficial-fungal-infection-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on tinea capitis: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Impetigo and Staphylococcal Skin Infection – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/impetigo-and-staphylococcal-skin-infection-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on impetigo: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Acne Vulgaris – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/acne-vulgaris-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on acne vulgaris: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Psoriasis in Children – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/psoriasis-in-children-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on psoriasis in children: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Severe Drug Reactions – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/severe-drug-reactions-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on severe drug reactions: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.
- [Rhabdomyolysis and Crush Injury – Board-Style Questions](https://pediatriccasereview.com/rhabdomyolysis-and-crush-injury-board-style-questions/): Eighteen board-style cases on rhabdomyolysis and crush injury: recognition, investigation, treatment, complications and follow-up.

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