Cardiology – Set 2

What this deck covers

Cardiology – Set 2 in 50 board-style clinical cases with worked explanations. Each case gives you a clinical vignette, four options, the correct answer, and an explanation of why each of the other three is wrong, with the guideline or textbook it follows named on the answer.

Board-style teaching questions for paediatricians and trainees preparing for paediatric board, MRCPCH and licensing examinations. Written from published guidelines and standard paediatric textbooks, with the source named on every answer.

The 50 cases, in order

1. Day 8 preterm, rising oxygen needs
2. How common is a two-leaflet valve?
3. Grey and breathless on day 6
4. Mood stabiliser in early pregnancy
5. Noisy breathing and gagging on solids
6. Where an open duct begins and ends
7. Fainting sprinter with a harsh murmur
8. Thrill at the upper left sternal edge
9. Heart check for a girl with 45,X
10. Palpitations and a sound at the apex
11. First drug for the big preterm shunt
12. Milk down the nose, harsh murmur
13. Shocked 9-day-old with weak femorals
14. Former 27-weeker with high pressure
15. Continuous murmur at a school check
16. What the swallow shows with a ring
17. Sociable short boy with a murmur
18. Outflow murmur and the expected ECG
19. Left arm and both legs pulseless
20. Reading the neck veins at 45 degrees
21. Fresh blood in the stool, duct open
22. Listening again after a quick stand
23. Short girl who looks like her father
24. Mapping the vessels before surgery
25. Blue on feeds, pink when crying
26. Stabilised newborn, planning repair
27. Severe gradient across a mobile valve
28. Echo marker of a big preterm shunt
29. Large baby of a mother with diabetes
30. Hockey player asks about playing on
31. Pauses in breathing after 40 minutes
32. Parents ask about ibuprofen at age 3
33. Two failed courses, still ventilated
34. Confirmed double arch at 6 months
35. Short girl with weak leg pulses
36. Severe right-sided gradient at seven
37. New gradient straight after ballooning
38. Discrete narrowing, 30 kg child
39. Drug to avoid with a fixed obstruction
40. Transfusion safety before surgery
41. Falling pressure on day 2
42. Yearly checks for a mild valve lesion
43. Louder murmur spreading to the axilla
44. What the years ahead will bring
45. Cloudy eyes, failed hearing test
46. Why close it in a child who is well?
47. Pressures climbing after a stent
48. Will the thick septum last?
49. Tooth extraction planned next month
50. Airway danger with an artery sling

Diagnoses and management options tested

Across the fifty cases you are asked to choose between options such as: Evolving chronic lung disease of prematurity, Transposition; absolute risk is small, Valvar pulmonary stenosis, Small muscular ventricular septal defect, Intravenous indomethacin, Tapered bird-beak narrowing at the gastric cardia, Coarctation with an aberrant right subclavian artery, Click later and the murmur shorter, Pierre Robin sequence, Right-to-left flow across the atrial septum, Stop the infusion and start caffeine citrate, Tracheostomy until the airway cartilage matures, Emergency surgical resection of the muscle, Washed red cells for every unit.

Clinical pearls from this deck

• In a preterm baby, bounding pulses with a wide pulse pressure mean ductal run-off until proven otherwise.
• Commonest anomaly overall: bicuspid aortic valve; commonest found in childhood: VSD.
• Feel the femoral pulses in every collapsed newborn.
• Lithium: think Ebstein, but counsel that the absolute risk is small.
• Stridor plus dysphagia in an infant: think of a vascular ring.
• The duct and a coarctation share an address: the aortic isthmus just beyond the left subclavian artery.

Work through the deck once for recognition, then again a week later to test yourself — each question gives the answer and explains why every other option fails.

More from this system: all cardiology case decks · pediatric reference values.