Nephrology and Urology – Set 3

What this deck covers

Nephrology and Urology – Set 3 in 50 board-style clinical cases with worked explanations. Each case gives you a clinical vignette, four options, the correct answer, and an explanation of why each of the other three is wrong, with the guideline or textbook it follows named on the answer.

Board-style teaching questions for paediatricians and trainees preparing for paediatric board, MRCPCH and licensing examinations. Written from published guidelines and standard paediatric textbooks, with the source named on every answer.

The 50 cases, in order

1. Tea-coloured urine for two days
2. Puffy eyes treated as an allergy
3. Still swollen after four weeks
4. Positive stick, empty microscope slide
5. Red urine on the neonatal unit
6. A rare pattern for her age
7. Swollen since his first week
8. Fourth relapse in twelve months
9. When careful care is not enough
10. Milky serum in a swollen toddler
11. Swollen, cold and passing little
12. Dark urine with every sore throat
13. Tablets taken, urine unchanged
14. Cola-coloured urine under the lens
15. First course for a typical case
16. A school dipstick after football
17. Who gets what in this disease
18. Fever and guarding in a relapse
19. The agent held back for later
20. The thresholds behind the label
21. Sudden flank pain on a diuretic
22. Do steroids help a swollen newborn
23. Breathless, tight and underfilled
24. Turning down the leak
25. A chance finding at a club medical
26. Who needs tissue before tablets
27. Scarred glomeruli, no gene found
28. When a scan earns its place
29. A missed booster during a relapse
30. The same clot in a baby
31. Alkylating agent and its ceiling
32. Red urine with clots, twice in a week
33. The loop diuretic given alone
34. A complement level that stayed down
35. A scan result on day nine
36. A number that tempts an infusion
37. Breathless minutes into an infusion
38. Red colour, clean dipstick pad
39. What else the urine carries away
40. Bugs behind infected ascites
41. Protein that will not go away
42. Two relapses a fortnight off tablets
43. What the plus signs stand for
44. Swollen child, sodium of 128
45. Kidney function lost in a fortnight
46. A tablet for her headache
47. When the first pictures are unclear
48. A diagnosis at a rural health post
49. Red stream with fever and stinging
50. The road after medical care fails

Diagnoses and management options tested

Across the fifty cases you are asked to choose between options such as: Bleeding from the bladder neck or urethra, Free haemoglobin or myoglobin, Kidney biopsy only if his creatinine starts to rise, First-morning urine protein:creatinine ratio, Levamisole, Prednisolone daily for some weeks as a first trial, Repeat the urinalysis over a few weeks, Ascites that is tense enough to tap safely, Continuous daily treatment for 2 years, Cyclophosphamide with intravenous methylprednisolone, Anaphylaxis to a protein in the infused product, Escherichia coli, then Streptococcus pneumoniae, Daily loss: 1+ 1 g, 2+ 2 g, 3+ 3 g, 4+ 4 g.

Clinical pearls from this deck

• The colour of the urine sorts haematuria before any test does.
• Puffy eyes that are worse in the morning deserve a urine dipstick before an antihistamine.
• Four weeks is the checkpoint: test the urine on that day.
• A dipstick and a microscope answer different questions: use both.
• In a newborn with a central line, red urine and a new flank mass point to the vein of that kidney.
• In a young person, membranous nephropathy is a question, not an answer.

Work through the deck once for recognition, then again a week later to test yourself — each question gives the answer and explains why every other option fails.

More from this system: all nephrology and urology case decks · pediatric reference values.