What this deck covers
CAKUT and Antenatal Hydronephrosis in Children in 18 board-style clinical cases with worked explanations. Each case gives you a clinical vignette, four options, the correct answer, and an explanation of why each of the other three is wrong, with the guideline or textbook it follows named on the answer.
Board-style teaching questions for paediatricians and trainees preparing for board, MRCPCH and Prometric examinations. Written from published guidelines and standard paediatric textbooks, with the source named on every answer.
The 18 cases, in order
- Six millimetres at twenty weeks
- The keyhole on the scan
- The first number after birth
- Pelvis big, ureter normal
- Dilated but draining well
- Ears, cord and kidneys
- One kidney, in the wrong place
- Dilated again at five months
- Wet all the time, and voiding too
- Two kidneys joined in the middle
- After the valves are gone
- No kidneys, no fluid
- A wrinkled abdomen and no testes
- Whether to cover him with antibiotics
- One small, one large
- Pouring out after the catheter
- Which one cannot wait
- Scarred kidneys, years later
Diagnoses and management options tested
Across the 18 cases you are asked to choose between options such as: Offer termination of pregnancy, Posterior urethral valves, It proves the catheter is not draining, There is no obstruction; this is reflux, Pyeloplasty now, before function is lost, A renal ultrasound, Annual isotope scanning, A repeat ultrasound in six months, An ectopic ureter draining below the sphincter, Renal cell carcinoma in childhood, Ordinary developmental delay in toilet training, The size of the adrenal glands, Prune belly syndrome, Never use prophylaxis in antenatal hydronephrosis.
Clinical pearls from this deck
- Never scan the kidneys in the first 48 hours; a dry newborn hides the dilatation.
- Amniotic fluid is fetal urine, so the liquor volume IS the fetal kidney function test.
- In valves, the nadir creatinine of the first month is the number that predicts the next twenty years.
- Read the level off the scan: what is dilated, and what is the first thing that is not.
- Dilatation is not obstruction; the renogram, not the millimetres, decides.
- An ear anomaly or a single umbilical artery is a reason to scan the kidneys.
Work through the deck once for recognition, then again a week later to test yourself — each question gives the answer and explains why every other option fails.
More from this system: all nephrology case decks · pediatric reference values.
