Atrial Septal Defect and Patent Ductus

What this deck covers

Atrial Septal Defect and Patent Ductus in twelve clinical teaching cases with worked explanations. Each case gives you a clinical vignette, four options, the correct answer, and an explanation of why each of the other three is wrong.

The 12 cases, in order

1. The sound that gives it away
2. What the scan shows
3. Naming it by position
4. The tracing
5. Reading the color
6. Reading the lungs
7. Whether to close it
8. What waiting costs
9. The noise that never stops
10. Where the duct runs
11. Closing it in a preterm baby
12. The duct that was never found

Diagnoses and management options tested

Across the twelve cases you are asked to choose between options such as: A ventricular septal defect, A secundum atrial septal defect, A complete atrioventricular septal defect, A normal study with septal drop-out, Secundum, at the fossa ovalis, Sinus venosus, at the superior vena cava, Primum, at the atrioventricular valves, A coronary sinus defect, Complete right bundle branch block, Right ventricular hypertrophy from pressure load, A normal tracing for a 7-year-old, Colour cannot indicate direction, only velocity, Interstitial pulmonary oedema, Pulmonary plethora from increased flow, Bilateral interstitial infection, Oligaemia from reduced pulmonary flow, Nothing, unless and until she develops symptoms, Atrial fibrillation alone, unrelated to the hole, Endocarditis on the atrial septum, Continuous, running through the second sound, Pansystolic, stopping at the second sound, Ejection systolic, peaking in mid-systole, Early diastolic, beginning at the second sound, Supplying the placenta with deoxygenated blood, Prostaglandin E2, to relax the duct, A diuretic, and fluid restriction alone.

Clinical pearls from this deck

• An rsR’ in V1 is a second, later upstroke: the volume-loaded right ventricle depolarising after the left has finished.
• Colour flow is BART — blue away, red towards the transducer. The hue gives direction relative to the probe; the shade gives mean velocity, which is why a jet above the scale aliases.

The twelve worked cases in this deck, with the images and the full explanation of every option, are part of Pediatric Case Review membership. See what is included.

More from this system: all cardiology decks and question sets · pediatric reference values.