What this deck covers
Kidney Stones and Nephrocalcinosis in Children in 18 board-style clinical cases with worked explanations. Each case gives you a clinical vignette, four options, the correct answer, and an explanation of why each of the other three is wrong, with the guideline or textbook it follows named on the answer.
Board-style teaching questions for paediatricians and trainees preparing for board, MRCPCH and Prometric examinations. Written from published guidelines and standard paediatric textbooks, with the source named on every answer.
The 18 cases, in order
- Writhing with loin pain
- A stone in a pot
- Stones that run in the family
- Worth investigating after one
- Hexagonal crystals in the urine
- Oxalate everywhere, not just the kidney
- Four millimetres, nearly out
- The advice from a relative
- Bright medulla and an alkaline urine
- Bright kidneys on the neonatal unit
- Invisible stones during chemotherapy
- The stone the epilepsy drug made
- What actually prevents the next one
- Antibiotics that never work
- Fever behind a blockage
- The inhibitor that was missing
- Which one cannot wait
- Asking to be discharged
Diagnoses and management options tested
Across the 18 cases you are asked to choose between options such as: A plain abdominal radiograph, Send it for compositional analysis, An early morning urine calcium to creatinine ratio, Investigate only if she forms a second stone, A low-calcium diet, Primary hyperoxaluria, Immediate percutaneous nephrolithotomy, Restrict protein severely, Distal renal tubular acidosis, Urgent parathyroidectomy, Calcium oxalate, Undiagnosed cystinuria, A high fluid intake, sustained through the day, The doses used have been too low.
Clinical pearls from this deck
- A child with colic writhes; a child with peritonitis lies perfectly still.
- Ask every stone-forming family to strain the urine; the stone is the best test you will get.
- In hypercalciuria the blood calcium is normal; that is the whole point and the commonest reason it is missed.
- In children a single stone earns the full work-up; in adults it often does not.
- Cystine stones need the urine both dilute and alkaline; either alone is not enough.
- A kidney transplant alone fails in primary hyperoxaluria; the liver is the organ making the oxalate.
Work through the deck once for recognition, then again a week later to test yourself — each question gives the answer and explains why every other option fails.
More from this system: all nephrology case decks · pediatric reference values.
