Posterior Urethral Valves – Board-Style Questions

What this deck covers

Posterior Urethral Valves in 18 board-style clinical cases with worked explanations. Each case gives you a clinical vignette, four options, the correct answer, and an explanation of why each of the other three is wrong, with the guideline or textbook it follows named on the answer.

Board-style teaching questions for paediatricians and trainees preparing for paediatric board, MRCPCH and licensing examinations. Written from published guidelines and standard paediatric textbooks, with the source named on every answer.

The 18 cases, in order

1. The measurement that matters
2. Where he is born
3. The gas that guides
4. What the kidneys look like
5. The very small baby
6. The number that predicts
7. The other side
8. The stream that is still poor
9. Why he is not growing
10. The bladder at night
11. The drug and its trap
12. Reducing infections
13. The boy who was missed
14. Urine in the abdomen
15. The lungs at anaesthesia
16. Before a transplant
17. The teenage years
18. The next pregnancy

Diagnoses and management options tested

Across the 18 cases you are asked to choose between options such as: The volume of amniotic fluid around the fetus, Deliver locally, transferring the baby if he is unwell, A tubular kidney that cannot handle acid and potassium, Infection within both obstructed kidney systems, It is a faster procedure with a shorter anaesthetic time, His creatinine on the day the valves were ablated, Continue prophylaxis, as the reflux may still settle, Reassure, as straining is normal at this age, Concentrate his feeds and restrict his fluid intake, A fluid restriction after the evening meal, A drug improving storage but worsening emptying, A cranberry preparation given daily, A urine culture with a bladder diary and review, Bowel perforation from necrotising enterocolitis.

Clinical pearls from this deck

• The fluid is the lungs: read the liquor, not the ureters.
• Move the mother before birth, not the baby after it.
• Draining the bladder does not repair the tubules.
• Bright kidneys with cortical cysts: the damage was done before birth.
• Too small for the scope: divert now, ablate later.
• The best creatinine of the first year tells you the future.

Work through the deck once for recognition, then again a week later to test yourself — each question gives the answer and explains why every other option fails.

More from this system: all nephrology case decks · pediatric reference values.